$\Delta H=\Delta U+\Delta n R T$
or $\quad \Delta H-\Delta U=\Delta n R T$
$\Delta n=1-\frac{1}{2}=\frac{1}{2}$
$\Delta H-\Delta U=\frac{1}{2} \times 8.314 \times 298$
$=1238.78 \,J \,m o l^{-1}$
${X_{\left( g \right)}} + {e^ - } \to X_{\left( g \right)}^ - $
$\frac{1}{2}C{l_2}_{(g)}\,\xrightarrow{{\frac{1}{2}{\Delta _{diss}}{H^\Theta }}}\,Cl_{(g)}\,\,\xrightarrow{{{\Delta _{eg}}{H^\Theta }}}\,\,C{l^ - }_{(g)}\,\xrightarrow{{{\Delta _{hyd}}{H^\Theta }}}\,C{l^ - }_{(aq)}$
$({\mkern 1mu} {\Delta _{diss}}{\mkern 1mu} H_{C{l_2}}^\Theta {\mkern 1mu} = {\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} 240{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} kJ{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} mo{l^{ - 1}},{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} {\Delta _{eg}}{\mkern 1mu} H_{Cl}^\Theta {\mkern 1mu} = {\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} - 349{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} kJ{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} mo{l^{ - 1}},{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} $
${\Delta _{hyd}}H_{C{l^ - }}^\Theta {\mkern 1mu} = {\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} - {\mkern 1mu} 381{\mkern 1mu} kJ{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} mo{l^{ - 1}})$
$\mathrm{Cd}_{(s)}+\mathrm{Hg}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4(s)}+\frac{9}{5} \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{(l)} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{CdSO}_{4} \cdot \frac{9}{5} \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{(s)}+2 \mathrm{Hg}_{(l)}$
$25^{\circ} {C}$ પર ${E}_{\text {cell }}^{0}$નું મૂલ્ય $4.315\, {~V}$ છે.
જો $\Delta {H}^{\circ}=-825.2\, {~kJ} \,{~mol}^{-1}$, પ્રમાણિત એન્ટ્રોપી ફેરફાર $\Delta {S}^{\circ}$ ${J} \,{K}^{-1}$માં $........$ છે. (નજીકના પૂર્ણાંકમાં) [આપેલ: ફેરાડે અચળાંક $ = 96487 \, {C} \, {mol}^{-1} $]
$ PbO$$(yellow)$ $\rightarrow$ $PbO$$(red)$
$\Delta {U_{BC}} = - 5\,kJ\,mo{l^{ - 1}},{q_{AB}} = 2\,kJ\,mo{l^{ - 1}}$
$\Delta {W_{AB}} = - 5\,kJ\,mo{l^{ - 1}},{W_{CA}} = 3\,kJ\,mo{l^{ - 1}}$
$CA$ પ્રક્રમ દરમિયાન પ્રણાલી દ્વારા શોષાતી ઉષ્મા ......$kJ\,mo{l^{ - 1}}$