A bottle has a thin nozzle on top. It is filled with water, held horizontally at a height of $1 \,m$ and squeesed slowly by hands, so that the water jet coming out of the nozzle hits the ground at a distance of $2 \,m$. If the area over which the hands squeese it is $10 \,cm ^{2}$, the force applied by hand is close to .......... $N$ (take, $g=10 \,m / s ^{2}$ and density of water $=1000 \,kg / m ^{3}$ )
KVPY 2020, Advanced
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$(b)$ Using Bernoulli's equation,

$p_{1}+\frac{1}{2} \rho v_{1}^{2}=p_{2}+\frac{1}{2} \rho v_{2}^{2}$

Here, $\quad p_{1}=p_{ atm }+\frac{F}{A}$

and $\quad p_{2}=p_{\text {atm }}$ (as area is too small)

$\therefore \quad p_{ atm }+\frac{F}{A}=p_{ atm }+\frac{1}{2} \rho v_{2}^{2} \quad\left(\because v_{1}=0\right)$

$\Rightarrow \quad v_{2}^{2}=\frac{2 F}{\rho A}$ ...........$(i)$

Range of efflux, $R=v \sqrt{\frac{2 h}{g}}$

$\Rightarrow \quad v^{2}=\frac{R^{2} g}{2 h}$ ...........$(ii)$

From Eqs. $(i)$ and $(ii)$, we get

$\frac{2 F}{\rho A}=\frac{R^{2} g}{2 h}$

$\therefore \quad F =\frac{R^{2} g \times \rho A}{4 h}$

$=\frac{(2)^{2} \times 10 \times 1000 \times 10 \times 10^{4}}{4 \times 1} =10 \,N$

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