Analyse the growth and changing structure of employment in India during the period 1950–2010.

Q: Analyse the growth and changing structure of employment in India during the period 1950–2010.

1. During the period 1950-2010, i.e., about sixty year of planned developmental efforts, (GDP) of India showed positive growth and was higher than the growth at the employment level. 2. No matter the growth of GDP always showed fluctuations and the employment grew at a meagre rate, of not more than 2%. Another disheartening feature of the development in late 1990s was to witness the decline in the growth of employment. This led to a wide gap between the growth of GDP and employment. 3. The above finding implies that we were able to produce more goods and services without generating employment, i.e., Indian economy witnessed a "Jobless growth". Now focussing on the distribution of workforce by industrial sectors we notice: 1. There is a substantial shift from farm work to non farm work. 2. About 74% of workforce which was engaged in primary sector in 1972-73, declined to 53%. 3. The shares of secondary and service sector increased from 11 to 22% and from 15 to 25% respectively. 4. Over the last four decades, there has been a tendency for the people to move from self-employment and regular salaried employment to casual work. But the major employment provider continues to be self-employment. 5. This process of moving from self-employment and regular salaried employment to casual wage employment is known as "casualisation of workforce". 6. Asualisation has resulted in the workers being highly vulnerable.

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Solution

During the period 1950-2010, i.e., about sixty year of planned developmental efforts, (GDP) of India showed positive growth and was higher than the growth at the employment level.
No matter the growth of GDP always showed fluctuations and the employment grew at a meagre rate, of not more than 2%. Another disheartening feature of the development in late 1990s was to witness the decline in the growth of employment. This led to a wide gap between the growth of GDP and employment.
The above finding implies that we were able to produce more goods and services without generating employment, i.e., Indian economy witnessed a "Jobless growth".

Now focussing on the distribution of workforce by industrial sectors we notice:

There is a substantial shift from farm work to non farm work.
About 74% of workforce which was engaged in primary sector in 1972-73, declined to 53%.
The shares of secondary and service sector increased from 11 to 22% and from 15 to 25% respectively.
Over the last four decades, there has been a tendency for the people to move from self-employment and regular salaried employment to casual work. But the major employment provider continues to be self-employment.
This process of moving from self-employment and regular salaried employment to casual wage employment is known as "casualisation of workforce".
Asualisation has resulted in the workers being highly vulnerable.

Place of Residence	Workforce (in millions)
Place of Residence	Male	Female	Total
Rural Urban	125 32	69 7	195 39

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