Biotechnology: Principles and Processes — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology is a technique used to join together DNA molecules from two different species that are inserted into a host organism to produce new genetic combinations.
Key Steps:
1. Isolation of Genetic Material: Extracting the DNA containing the desired gene from the cell.
2. Fragmentation: Cutting the DNA at specific locations using Restriction Endonuclease enzymes (Molecular Scissors).
3. Amplification (PCR): Making multiple copies of the gene of interest using Polymerase Chain Reaction.
4. Ligation: Joining the isolated gene with a vector (like a plasmid) using the enzyme DNA Ligase to form rDNA.
5. Transformation: Inserting the recombinant DNA into a suitable host cell (e.g., E. coli) for expression.