Question
Comment on the statement that elements of the first transition series possess many properties different from those of heavier transition elements.
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Answer
The properties of the elements of the first transition series differ from those of the heavier transition elements in many ways.
- The atomic sizes of the elements of the first transition series are smaller than those of the heavier elements (elements of 2ndand 3rdtransition series).
- +2 and +3 oxidation states are more common for elements in the first transition series, while higher oxidation states are more common for the heavier elements.
- The enthalpies of atomisation of the elements in the first transition series are lower than those of the corresponding elements in the second and third transition series.
- The melting and boiling points of the first transition series are lower than those of the heavier transition elements. This is because of the occurrence of stronger metallic bonding (M-M bonding).
- The elements of the first transition series form low-spin or high-spin complexes depending upon the strength of the ligand field. However, the heavier transition elements form only low-spin complexes, irrespective of the strength of the ligand field.
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