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Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry — Chemistry STD 11 Science — Question

Maharashtra BoardEnglish MediumSTD 11 ScienceChemistryBasic Principles of Organic Chemistry3 Marks
Question
Consider the following molecules and answer the questions:
$CH_3 – CH_2 – CH_2 – Cl, CH_3 – CH_2 – CH_2 – Br, CH_3 – CH_2 – CH_2 – I.$
$i.$ What type of inductive effect is expected to operate in these molecules?
$ii.$ Identify the molecules from these three, having the strongest and the weakest inductive effect.
✓

Answer

$i.$ The groups responsible for inductive effect in these molecules are $-Cl, -Br$ and $-I,$ respectively. All these are halogen atoms which are more electronegative than carbon. Therefore, all of them exert $-I$ effect, that is, electron withdrawing inductive effect.
$ii.$ The $-I$ effect of halogens is due to their electronegativity. A decreasing order of electronegativity in these halogens follows $Cl > Br > I.$ Therefore, the strongest $-I$ effect is expected in $CH_3 – CH_2 – CH_2 – Cl,$ while the weakest $-I$ effect is expected for $CH_3 – CH_2 – CH_2 – I.$

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