Guessing in Indian Logic — Philosophy STD 12 Arts — Question
Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ArtsPhilosophyGuessing in Indian Logic5 Marks
Question
Define conjecture and explain the form of knowledge obtained by conjecture.
✓
Answer
The ideologies of Indian philosophy are known as the nine philosophies.
In these nine philosophies, the speculative consideration of jurisprudence has a very important place.
The proponents of jurisprudence are known as jurists.
Characteristic of conjecture: "Conjecture is the mental action of acquiring knowledge of another subject, whether permanently or regularly associated with that subject from the direct knowledge of one subject."
Real knowledge is the real knowledge obtained through the senses of sense, hearing, taste, sense of smell and touch.
According to the jurists, the knowledge that should be there before the conjecture should be of any other kind but real knowledge.
Guessing requires psychoanalysis, but that psychoanalysis should be started on the basis of knowledge of a certain subject.
Thus, what happens after real knowledge is speculation.
According to the jurists, "conjecture is the mental process of acquiring knowledge of a direct subject from the knowledge of another indirect subject always associated with it."
Example: 'Smoke comes out on a mountain' is a direct view and the knowledge of a fire that is indirectly obtained on the basis of the constant co-experience of 'wherever there is smoke, there is fire' (this is fire on the mountain’.
The above example has three terms: $(1)$ mountain, $(2)$ smoke and $(3)$ fire. These three terms are called $1.$ party, $2.$ Purpose and $3.$ Curable respectively.
The definition of these three terms is as follows:
$1.$ Party: The party is the one about which the speculation is made. ‘That mountain is fire.’ In that conjecture ‘that mountain’ is the party.
$2.$ Purpose: Purpose is the one on the basis of whose direct knowledge the inferential action begins. For example, the act of guessing that ‘there is fire on the mountain’ begins with the knowledge of the ‘smoke’ seen directly on that mountain. Hence the meaning of 'smoke' in this conjecture.
3. Sadhya: Sadhya means that which is proved $($achieved$)$ in the party by conjecture. E.g. ‘It is fire on the mountain.’ In this conjecture ‘fire’ is curable.
Considering the above feature and example, the form of knowledge obtained by inference is as follows:
Estimates are based on real proportions. The knowledge gained by this direct proportion precedes the conjecture. That is why conjecture is called 'later knowledge'.
Guessing has three terms, party, purpose and accomplishment.
What is speculated about is called a party.
On the basis of whose direct knowledge the conjecture begins the action is said to be intentional and what is proved in relation to the party by conjecture is said to be achievable.
Two conditions are indispensable for the beginning of the conjecture action: $1.$ There must be a real knowledge that there is a presence in the party of the object and $2.$ There must be a recollection of the relation between the object and the doer.
Thus, a guessing action can take place if two conditions are met.
Since the Indian Panchayat estimates are based on direct proportions, there is no place for unrealistic assumptions.
The knowledge produced by conjecture is undoubtedly and objectively true and true.
The truth of knowledge produced by inference is considered to be proven.
Need a full question paper?
Generate a complete, print-ready paper with questions like this in minutes — across 16+ boards, with answer keys.