Describe an experiment for the study of characteristics of photoelectric effect.
(July 2019)
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- A laboratory experimental set-up for the photoelectric effect consists of an evacuated glass tube with a quartz window.
- The glass tube contains photosensitive metal plates. One is the emitter E and another plate is the collector C.
- The emitter and collector are connected to a voltage source whose voltage can be changed and to an ammeter to measure the current in the circuit.
- A potential difference of V, as measured by the voltmeter, is maintained between the emitter E and collector C. Generally, C (the anode) is at a positive potential with respect to the emitter E (the cathode). This potential difference can be varied and C can even be at a negative potential with respect to E.
- When the anode potential (V) is positive, it accelerates the electrons. This potential is called accelerating potential. When the anode potential (V) is negative, it retards the flow of electrons. This potential is known as retarding potential.
- A source S of monochromatic light of sufficiently high frequency (short wavelength$ \leq 10^{–7} m$) is used.
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