Earthquake and Volcanoes — Geography STD 11 Arts — Question
Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 11 ArtsGeographyEarthquake and Volcanoes5 Marks
Question
Describe the destructive effects of earthquakes.
✓
Answer
Earthquakes have two effects on the earth's crust.
$(1)$ Creative and $(2)$ Destructive
$1.$ Creative effects:
$(1)$ Earthquakes sometimes form new mountains, plateaus, and continental mountains.
The Himalayas were replaced by the Tethys Sea.
The quake uplifts the Gad mountain range in the Himalayas instead of the sea.
$(2)$ Earthquakes cause cracks in the earth's crust to form large cracks. The rupture of East Africa is an example of this.
$(3)$ Earthquakes sometimes cause new islands to rise in the middle of the ocean.
$(4)$ Sometimes the bottom of the ocean near the shore of the continent becomes part of the continent when it rises above the sea level and sometimes the land of the coast becomes below the sea level and becomes a continental shelf.
The forest near Mumbai was submerged in the Arabian Sea.
It is an event of the recent past.
$(5)$ Earthquakes cause large cracks in some regions.
Erosion factors turn cracks into deep and wide valleys.
It forms a lake filled with rainwater.
$(6)$ Earthquakes form a gulf on the coast, while the archipelago sometimes forms islands with new islands.
$(7)$ Hot springs and lakes are also caused by earthquakes.
$2.$ The catastrophic effects of earthquakes:
$(1)$ Buildings collapse due to an earthquake.
Sometimes villages and cities become ruins.
$(2)$ Earthquakes sometimes change river flows.
The Indus used to flow into the Gulf of Kutch but now flows into Pakistan.
The dams on the river are broken. Roads and railways crash.
$(3)$ Earthquakes sometimes cause large cracks in the ground.
Mud, sand, stone etc. are thrown out of it.
So the fertile lands of the farms become infertile.
$(4)$ An earthquake in the oceans causes high monstrous waves called tsunamis.
The waves are wreaking havoc on coastal ports and cities with heavy losses.
$(5)$ Earthquakes sometimes change river flows.
At that time many land areas become water bombed.
Sometimes an earthquake breaks a dam on a river.
The river is flooded.
It leads to the devastation of cities and villages and the loss of life and property.
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