Describe the structure of the heart wall.

Question

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Answer

The heart wall is composed of three layers, viz. outer epicardium, middle myocardium and inner endocardium.
Epicardium is composed of single layer of mesothelium having flat epithelial cells.
Myocardium is composed of cardiac muscle fibres. These muscle fibres perform the function of systole and diastole by showing contraction and relaxation of muscle wall of the heart.
Endocardium is composed of single layer of flat epithelial cells called endothelium.

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Instrument / Technique	Purpose of use
Sphygmomanometer	———————
—————-	X-ray imaging of the cardiac blood vessels to locate the position of blockages.
—————	To measure ECG.

Cells	Functions
(1) T-lymphocytes	(a) Phagocytic in function
(2) Neutrophils	(b) Responsible for Humoral immunity
(3) Eosinophils/Acidophils	(c) Responsible for cell-medicated immunity
(4) B-lymphocytes	(d) Anti-allergic [Antihistamine] in function

Cardiovascular disorders	Symptom
Coronary Artery Diseases (CAD)	Deposition of calcium, fat, cholesterol and ———————
—————-	Pain in chest resulting from reduction in the blood supply to the cardiac muscles.
Silent Heart Attack	Myocardial infarction without ———————-

Column I	Column II
(1) Graafian follicle	(a) Site of implantation
(2) Uterus	(b) Birth canal
(3) Fallopian tube	(c) Site of fertilization
(4) Vagina	(d) Release of secondary oocyte