Question
Describe various method to form alkane.

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What is the equilibrium concentration of each of the substances in the equilibrium when the initial concentration of ICl was 0.78M?
$2\text{ICI (g)}\rightleftharpoons\text{I}_2\text{ (g) + Cl}_2\text{ (g)};\text{ K}_{\text{c}}=0.14$
Among the second period elements the actual ionization enthalpies are in the order $Li < B < Be < C < O < N < F < Ne$. Explain why,
  1. Be has higher $\Delta_{\text{t}}\text{H}$ than B
  2. O has lower $\Delta_{\text{t}}\text{H}$ than N and F?
  1. Define standard enthalpy of formation. Explain why the enthalpy changes for the reaction given below are not enthalpies of formation of $CaCO_3$ and HBr:
  1. $\text{CaO(s)}+\text{CO}_2(\text{g})\overrightarrow{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }\ \text{CaCO}_3(\text{s});$ $\Delta_\text{r}\text{H}^\circ=-178.3\text{kJ mol}^{-1}$
  2. $\text{H}_2(\text{g})+\text{Br}_2(\text{g})\overrightarrow{\ \ \ \ \ \ \ }\ 2\text{HBr(g)};$ $\Delta_\text{r}\text{H}^\circ=-72.8\text{kJ mol}^{-1}$
  1. Use the bond enthalpies listed below to determine the enthalpy of reaction:
$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{H}-\text{C}-\text{H(g)}+2\text{O}=\text{O(g)}\overrightarrow{\ \ \ \ \ }\ \text{O}=\text{C}=\text{O(g)}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{H}\\+2\text{H}-\text{O}-\text{H(g)}$

Bond enthalpy $(\Delta\text{H}^\circ)/\text{kJ mol}^{-1}$ of C=O = 741; C-H = 414; H-O = 464; O=O = 498.
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Sulphuric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide as follows:
$H_2SO_4 + 2NaOH Na_2SO_4 + 2H_2O$
When $1 L$ of $0.1 M$ sulphuric acid solution is allowed to react with $1 L$ of $0.1 M$ sodium hydroxide solution. Calculate the amount of sodium sulphate formed and its molarity in the solution obtained.
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How much volume of $0.1 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{~CH}_2\mathrm{COOH}$ should be added to 50 mL of $0.2 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{~CH}_3 \mathrm{COONa}$ solution to prepare a buffer solution of pH 4.91 . ( $\mathrm{pK}_{\mathrm{a}}$ of ACH is 4.76 ).
What is heat capacity? Write the derivation of relationship between c, and c
The lattice enthalpy of an ionic compound is the enthalpy when one mole of an ionic compound present in its gaseous state, dissociates into its ions. It is impossible to determine it directly by experiment. Suggest and explain an indirect method to measure lattice enthalpy of NaCl(s).