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Collection of Data — Economics STD 11 Commerce — Question

CBSE BoardEnglish MediumSTD 11 CommerceEconomicsCollection of Data6 Marks
Question
Differentiate between:
  1. Sampling and Non Sampling errors.
  2. Random and Non Random Sampling.
  3. Sample and Census method.
  4. Biased and unbiased errors.
✓

Answer

  1. Difference between Sampling and non sampling errors:
  1. Sampling Errors: When sample method is used, we cannot expect to get the same result as we would have got if we would have used census method. There is always a difference in conclusions drawn from sample and conclusions of the universe. This is called sampling error. These errors are minimum when random sampling techniques are used and size of sample is fairly large. As we increase size of sample, sampling error keeps falling and become zero at 100% i.e. census method. Therefore, these errors exist only in sample method.
  2. Non Sampling Errors: These errors are committed due to human mistake or clerical reasons. These are also called measurement errors. These errors are found in sampling as well as census method rather their occurrence is more expected in census method due to large volume of data. These errors can be minimized with care and caution.
  1. Difference between Random and Non random Sampling:
S. No.
Basis
Random Sampling
Non Random Sampling
1.
Meaning
It is a sampling method in which each and every item of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
In this method, all items of the population do not have an equal chance of selection. It depends on the judgment and convenience of investigator.
2.
Scientific
This is a scientific method of sample selection.
This is an unscientific method of sample selection.
3. Bias It is free from bias. It involves personal bias.
4. Other Name It is also called probability sampling. It is also called non probabitity samplhg.
5. Recommended It is recommended by experts. It is not recommended by experts.
  1. Difference between census and sample method:
S. No.
Basis
Sample Method
Census Method
1.
Items of study
Only few units of the population studied.
Each and every unit of the population is studied.
2.
Cost
Relatively less amount of finance, till labour is required.
Requires large amount of finance, time and labour.
3.
Reliability
Results are less reliable.
 
Results are quite reliable.
 
4.
Suitability
It is more suitable if population homogeneous in nature.
It is more suitable if population is heterogeneous in nature.
5.
Possibility
It can be used, if part of the population is missing.
It cannot be used when part of the population is missing.
6.
Nature of Error
It may have sampling as well as non sampling errors.
It may have only non sampling errors.
7.
Organisation
It is easy to be organised.
It is difficult to be organised.
  1. Difference between Biased and Unbiased errors:
  1. Biased Errors: Biased errors are those errors which arise because conclusions have been drawn from a biased sample. These errors can be eliminated by choosing unbiased sample.
  2. Unbiased errors: These errors occur due to usage of sample method. If on the basis of height of five students in a class of 15 we are calculating average height, obviously results will vary from actual. These errors cannot be eliminated.

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