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The s-block Elements — Chemistry STD 11 Science — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 11 ScienceChemistryThe s-block Elements5 Marks
Question
Discuss the various reactions that occur in the Solvay process.
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Answer

Solvay process is used to prepare sodium carbonate.
When carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through a brine solution saturated with ammonia, sodium hydrogen carbonate is formed. This sodium hydrogen carbonate is then converted to sodium carbonate.
Step 1: Brine solution is saturated with ammonia.
$2\text{NH}_3+\text{H}_2\text{O}+\text{CO}_2\xrightarrow{\ \ \ \ \ }(\text{NH}_4)_2\text{CO}_3$
This ammoniated brine is filtered to remove any impurity.
Step 2: Carbon dioxide is reacted with this ammoniated brine to result in the formation of insoluble sodium hydrogen carbonate.
$\text{NH}_3+\text{H}_2\text{O}+\text{CO}_2\xrightarrow{\ \ \ }\text{NH}_4\text{HCO}_3\ \\\text{NaCl}+\text{NH}_4\text{HCO}_3\xrightarrow{\ \ \ }\text{NaHCO}_3+\text{NH}_4\\\text{ClNH}_3+\text{H}_2\text{O}+\text{CO}_2\xrightarrow{\ \ \ }\text{NH}_4\text{HCO}_3\ \\\text{NaCl}+\text{NH}_4\text{HCO}_3\xrightarrow{\ \ \ }\text{NaHCO}_3+\text{NH}_4\text{Cl}$
Step 3: The solution containing crystals of $NaHCO_3$ is filtered to obtain $NaHCO_3$.
Step 4: $NaHCO_3$ is heated strongly to convert it into $NaHCO_3$.
$2\text{NahCO}_3\xrightarrow{\ \ \ \ \ }\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3+\text{CO}_2+\text{H}_2\text{O}$
Step 5: To recover ammonia, the filtrate (after removing $NaHCO_3$) is mixed with $Ca(OH)_2$ and heated.
$\text{Ca}(\text{OH})_2+2\text{NH}_4\text{Cl}\xrightarrow{\ \ \ }2\text{NH}_3+2\text{H}_2\text{O}+\text{CaCl}_2$
$\text{Ca}(\text{OH})_2+2\text{NH}_4\text{Cl}\xrightarrow{\ \ \ }2\text{NH}_3+2\text{H}_2\text{O}+\text{CaCl}_2$
The overall reaction taking place in Solvay process is
$2\text{NaCl}+\text{CaCO}_3\xrightarrow{\ \ \ \ \ }\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3+\text{CaCl}_2$

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