Question
Distinguish Between: Phenotype and Genotype.
✓
Answer
| Phenotype | Genotype |
| $1.$ Phenotype refers to the outward appearance of an individual such as shape, colour, sex, etc. | $1.$ Genotype refers to the genetic composition of an individual. |
| $2.$ Phenotype can be observed directly in an individual. | $2.$ Genotype cannot be seen, but can be found out by modern techniques like $\text{DNA}$ fingerprinting. |
| $3.$ Individuals resembling each other may or may not have the same genotype. | $3.$ Individuals possessing the same genotype usually have the same phenotypic expression. |
| $4.$ The phenotypic ratio obtained in the $F_2$ generation of a monohybrid cross is $3 : 1.$ | $4.$ The genotypic ratio obtained in the $F_2$ generation of a monohybrid cross is $1 : 2 : 1.$ |
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Distinguish between : Transport of $O_2$ and Transport of $CO_2.$
→| Column A | Column B |
| (1) Use of measuring scale | (a) Record of primary growth |
| (2) Crescograph | (b) Increase in height of plant |
| (3) Auxanometer | (c) Measure growth in field |
| (4) Horizontal microscope | (d) Measurement of linear growth of shoot |
| Column A | Column B (Symptoms observed) |
| (1) Deficiency of Cu | (a) Malformed leaves |
| (2) Deficiency of Bo | (b) Leaves with yellow edges |
| (3) Deficiency of Zn | (c) Brown heart disease |
| (4) Deficiency of K | (d) Die back of shoot |
Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
ln a plant species that follows Mendelian inheritance yellow flower colour is dominant over white and round fruits shape is dominant over elongated. Crossing was performed between two purelines-one having yellow-flower and round fruit and another with white flower and elongated fruits. About 20 plants survived in $F_1$ progeny. Plants of $F_1$ were allowed to self fertilise and about 960 plants survived in $F_2$
Plant 'C' will produce fruits with the genotype identical to fruits produced by the plant of
→ln a plant species that follows Mendelian inheritance yellow flower colour is dominant over white and round fruits shape is dominant over elongated. Crossing was performed between two purelines-one having yellow-flower and round fruit and another with white flower and elongated fruits. About 20 plants survived in $F_1$ progeny. Plants of $F_1$ were allowed to self fertilise and about 960 plants survived in $F_2$
- How many plants would have yellow flower and round fruit in $F_1$ generation?
- 20
- 10
- 5
- 0
- How many plants would have yellow flower and round fruit in $F_2$ generation?
- 960
- 540
- 180
- 60
- Which of the following is correct for the condition when plant heterozygous for yellow flower and round fruit is back crossed with the double recessive parent?
- 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 ratio of phenotype only.
- 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 ratio of genotype only.
- 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 ratio of phenotype only.
- 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 ratio of phenotype and genotype.
- When the plant heterozygous for yellow flower and round fruit are self crossed, then the plant with yellow flower and elongated fruit will be represented by the genotype?
- YyRr, YyRR, YYRr
- Yyrr, YYrr, yyrr
- yyRr, yyRR
- Yyrr, YYrr
- 'Tile given Punnett's square represents the pattern of inheritance in a dihybrid cross where yellow flower and round fruit (R) condition is dominant over white flower (y) and elongated fruit (r) condition.
Plant 'C' will produce fruits with the genotype identical to fruits produced by the plant of
- type H
- type E
- type K
- type 1
Highlight five areas where biotechnology has influenced our lives.
| Respiratory surface | Organism |
| (1) Plasma membrane | (a) Insect |
| (2) Lungs | (b) Salamander |
| (3) External gills | (c) Bird |
| (4) Internal gills | (d) Amoeba |
| (e) Fish |
| Respiratory capacities | Respiratory volumes |
| (1) Residual volume (RV) | (a) 500 ml |
| (2) Vital capacity (VC) | (b) 2000 – 3000 ml |
| (3) Tidal volume (TV) | (c) 1100 – 1200 ml |
| (4) Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) | (d) 4100 – 4600 ml |
Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
Haemophilia is a sex linked disease which is also known as bleeder's disease as the patient will continue to bleed even from a minor cut since he or she does not possess the natural phenomenon of blood clotting due to absence of anti -haemophilic globulin or factor VIII and plasma thromboplastin factor IX essential for it. As a result of continuous bleeding the patient may die of blood loss. Colour blindness is another type of sex linked trait in which the eye fails to distinguish red and green colours. Vision is however, not affected and the colour blind can, lead a normal life, reading, writing and driving (distinguishing traffic lights by their position).
Select the correct option regarding $1, 2, 3$ and $4$.
→Haemophilia is a sex linked disease which is also known as bleeder's disease as the patient will continue to bleed even from a minor cut since he or she does not possess the natural phenomenon of blood clotting due to absence of anti -haemophilic globulin or factor VIII and plasma thromboplastin factor IX essential for it. As a result of continuous bleeding the patient may die of blood loss. Colour blindness is another type of sex linked trait in which the eye fails to distinguish red and green colours. Vision is however, not affected and the colour blind can, lead a normal life, reading, writing and driving (distinguishing traffic lights by their position).
- If a haemophilic man marries a woman whose father was haemcphihc and mother was normal then which of the following holds true for their progenies?
- Of the total number of daughters, 50% daughters are carrier and $50 \%$ are haemophilic.
- All the daughters are haemophilic.
- All sons are haemophilic and all daughters are normal.
- All sons are normal, all daughters are carriers.
- A man whose father was colourblind and mother was normal marries a woman whose father was haemophilic and mother was normal. Which of the following is true for their progenies? [Note: Percentage is from the total number of progenies]
- $25 \%$ female progenies carry the gene for both haemophilia and colourblindness.
- $25 \%$ male progenies carry only the gene of colourblindness.
- $25 \%$ female progenies carry only the gene of colourblindness.
- $25 \%$ male progenies and 25% female progenies carry the gene of haemophilia.
- Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding haemophilia?
- It is a dominant disease.
- A single protein involved in clotting of blood is affected.
- It is recessive disease.
- It is Mendelian disorder.
- Anup is having colourblindness and is married to Soni who is normal. What is the chance that their son will have the disease?
- $100 \%$
- $50 \%$
- $25 \%$
- $0 \%$
- Refer to the given cross?
Select the correct option regarding $1, 2, 3$ and $4$.
- The options are as follow:
- Colourblind carrier female.
- Colourblind haemophilic female.
- Normal male.
- Haemophilic male
- The options are as follow:
- Colourblind people
- Haemophilic female.
- Normal male
- Haemophilic male
- The options are as follow:
- Colourblind female
- Colourblind and haemophilic female
- Normal male
- Normal male.
- The options are as follow:
- Colourblind carrier female.
- Normal female.
- Normal male.
- Haemophilic male.
Distinguish between : Erythrocytes and Leucocytes.
Old or classical biotechnology and Modem biotechnology.