Biotechnology and its Applications — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
A technique known as amniocentesis is used to determine fetal abnormalities. This test chromosomal pattern in amniotic fluid. However, this technique is legally banned now.

1. Identify X and Y in the above given figure.

S. No	X	Y
(a)	Amnion	Chorion
(b)	Uterine wall	Placenta
(c)	Placenta	Uterine wall
(d)	Uterine wall	Amnion

2. What is the function of Z?

1. Z is an amniotic fluid which prevents dessication of an embryo.
2. Z is yolk sac which functions as site of early blood cell formation.
3. Z is amnion, which takes part in placenta formation.
4. None of these

3. Which of the following diseases can not be diagnosed by amniocentesis?

1. Down's syndrome.
2. Sickle cell disease.
3. Jaundice.
4. Cystic fibrosis.

4. Assertion: Amniocentesis is legally banned for sex determination.

Reason: Amniocentesis was being misused for aborting normal female fetus.

1. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

5. Which of these is a non-invasive technique of detecting fetal disorder?

1. Fetoscopy.
2. Chorionic villi sampling.
3. Amniocentesis.
4. Ultrasound imaging.

Distinguish between : Communicable and non-communicable diseases.

Distinguish between : Atria and Ventricles.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
The endosperm makes the main source of food for the embryo. Generally the endosperm nucleus divides after the division of the oospore, but in several cases the endosperm is formed to a great extent even before the first division of the oospore. There are three general types of endosperm formation: (a) nuclear type, (b) cellular type and (c) helobial type. The endosperm is usually triploid, but haploid endosperm is also found. Endosperm may either be completely consumed by the developing embryo before seed maturation, or it may persist in the mature seed.

1. Haploid endosperm is found in:

1. Pin us.
2. Cauliflower.
3. Sunflower.
4. Pea.

2. Persistent endosperm is found in:

P. Pea Q. Castor R. Bean S. Coconut T. Groundnut.

1. Q and S.
2. P and T.
3. R, S and T.
4. P, S and T.

3. Milk of tender coconut represents (A) and the surrounding white coconut meal represents (B).

S. No	A	B
(a)	Cellular endosperm	Free- nuclear endosperm
(b)	Free-nuclear endosperm	Cellular endosperm
(c)	Helobial endosperm	Cellular endosperm
(d)	Free-nuclear endosperm	Helobial endosperm

4. If an endosperm cell of a gymnosperm contains 12 chromosomes, the number of chromosomes in each cell of the root will be:

1. 4
2. 24
3. 16
4. 6

5. In angiosperms, normally after fertilization:

1. The zygote divides earlier than the primary endosperm nucleus.
2. The primary endosperm nucleus divides earlier than the zygote.
3. Both the zygote and primary endosperm nucleus divide simultaneously.
4. Both the zygote and primary endosperm nucleus undergo a resting period.

Read the following and answer any four questions from 9(i) to 9(v) given below:
Bioreactors are considered as vessels in which raw materials are biologically converted into specific products by microbes, plant and animal cells or their enzymes. They are used for large scale production as they provide optimum growth conditions such as temperature, pH, substrate, vitamins, oxygen and salts for obtaining desired product. Most commonly used bioreactors are of stirring type which include simple stirred tank bioreactor and sparged stirred-tank bioreactor.

1. Bioreactor are useful in:

1. Amplifying a gene.
2. Isolation of genetic material.
3. Processing large volume of culture.
4. Infecting DNA in a cell.

2. Which of the following is essential to obtain desired product in a bioreactor?

1. Size of the bioreactor.
2. Sterile condition.
3. Quantity of the raw material.
4. All of these.

3. Assertion: The stirred-tank is well suited for large scale production of microorganisms under aseptic conditions.

Reason: In sparged stirred tank bioreactor, surface area for oxygen transfer is increased.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

4. Growth condition that could affect the quality of obtained product in a bioreactor are:

1. Temperature and pH only.
2. pH and oxygen supply only.
3. Temperature and oxygen supply only.
4. Temperature, pH and oxygen supply.

5. Vessels in which raw materials are biologically converted into specific products are.

1. Bioreactors.
2. Fermentors.
3. Gene guns.
4. Both (a) and (b).

Distinguish between : Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) and Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV).