Download App

Control and Co-ordination — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

Maharashtra BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceBIOLOGYControl and Co-ordination4 Marks
Question
Distinguish between : Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
✓

Answer

Sympathetic nervous systemParasympathetic nervous system
1. Sympathetic nervous system is formed by 22 pairs of sympathetic ganglia, 2 sympathetic cords which run parallel to vertebral column.1. Parasympathetic nervous system has nerve fibres which run along with cranial and spinal nerves.
2. Sympathetic nervous system works through neurotransmitter, adrenaline.2. Parasympathetic nervous system works through release of acetylcholine.
3. Sympathetic nervous system enhances all the involuntary functions. 3. Parasympathetic nervous system retards all the involuntary functions.
4. It brings about fight, fright and flight responses.4. It brings about relaxation, comfort, pleasure, etc.
5. The pre-ganglionic nerve fibres are short and the post-ganglionic nerve fibres are long in sympathetic nervous system.5. The pre-ganglionic nerve fibres are long and the post-ganglionic nerve fibres are short in parasympathetic nervous system.

Need a full question paper?

Generate a complete, print-ready paper with questions like this in minutes — across 16+ boards, with answer keys.

Start Generating Free

Explore more

More "Case study (4 Marks)" from Control and Co-ordination→Control and Co-ordination — all question types→BIOLOGY STD 12 Science question papers→Maharashtra Board STD 12 Science question papers→Maharashtra Board question paper generator→

Similar questions

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
In angiosperms, the pollen grains are being transferred from the anther to the stigma and is termed pollination. This phenomenon was first discovered by Camerarius (1694) in the end of seventeenth century. Pollen grains are immobile. They cannot reach the stigma by themselves. An external agent is required for this. The pollination is mainly of two types-self pollination and cross pollination. The diagram given below shows two plants of the same species showing different types of pollination.
  1. What is transferred between the plants in the process indicated by arrow P?
  1. Ova.
  2. Pollen.
  3. Nutrients.
  4. Seeds.
  1. Which of the following statements is correct regarding processes P, Q and R?
  1. Processes P, Q and R introduce genetic variability in the offspring of sexually reproducing plants X and Y.
  2. Wind serves as agent for process Q if plants X and Y belong to Genus Salvia.
  3. Flowers of plants X and Y need to produce odour and nectar for completion of processes P and Q if they are entomophilous.
  4. If plants X and Y belong to Genus Cannabis, then their flowers need to produce sticky and heavy pollens in very small amount for accomplishment of process Q.
  1. Identify the processes P, Q and R.
S. No
P
Q
R
(a)
Geitonogamy
Xenogamy
Autogamy
(b)
Allogamy
Chasmogamy
Cleistogamy
(c)
Autogamy
Geitonogamy
Xenogamy
(d)
Geitonogamy
Allogamy
Autogamy
  1. In Catliarantl1us, the growth of style brings the stigma in contact of ripe anthers present on the mouth of corolla tube. This is an example of:
  1. Homogamy.
  2. Cleistogamy.
  3. Geitonogamy.
  4. Xenogamy.
  1. Which of the given processes represents a type of pollination that would result in greater adaptability of the particular species to potential environmental changes?
  1. P.
  2. Q.
  3. R.
  4. All of these.
→
Distinguish Between: Dominant characters and Recessive characters.
→
Column I (Biofortified crop)Column II (Nutrient Enrichment)
(1) Maize (a) Five times more iron
(2) Rice(b) Twice the amount of lysine and tryptophan
(3) Wheat Atlas-66(c) Enriched in vitamin A and minerals
(4) Carrots, spinach(d) High protein content
→
Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
The process of copying genetic information from template strand of DNA into RNA is called transcription. It is mediated by RNA polymerase. Transcription takes place in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. In transcription, only a segment of DNA and only one of the strands is copied into RNA.
  1. What are regions of transcription unit in a DNA molecule?
  1. Promoter
  2. Structural gene
  3. Terminator
  4. All of these
  1. Monocistronic structural genes are found in which organisms?
  1. Prokaryotes
  2. Bacteria
  3. Viruses
  4. Eukaryotes
  1. Which enzyme helps in tailing or polyadenylation?
  1. Poly-A polymerase
  2. Exonuclease
  3. RNA polymerase I
  4. RNA polymerase II
  1. Assertion: A single RNA polymerase in prokaryotes synthesis all types of RNAs.
Reason: Prokaryotic RNA polymerase has sigma $(\sigma)$ factor.
  1. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
  2. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
  3. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
  4. Both assertion and reason are false.
  1. Read the given list of materials.
  1. RNA polymerase enzyme
  2. DNA template.
  3. DNA template.
  4. Okazaki segments.
  5. Four types of ribonucleotides triphosphates.
  6. Divalent metal ions $Mg^{2+}$​​​​​​​ as a cofactor.
Which of the above given materials are required for transcription?
  1. (1) (2) (3) and(4)
  2. (1) (2) (3) (5) and(6)
  3. (1) (2) (5) and(6)
  4. All of these
→
Why are vectors needed for replication of DNA during rDNA technology?
→
Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
The DNA, which is transferred from one organism into another by joining it with the vehicle DNA is called passenger or foreign DNA. Generally three types of passenger DNAs are used. These are complementary DNA (cDNA), synthetic DNA (sDNA) and random DNA. Complementary DNA (cDNA) is synthesized on RNA template (usually mRNA) with the help of reverse transcriptase. Synthetic DNA (sDNA) is synthesized on DNA template or without a template. Random DNA are small fragments fanned by breaking a chromosome of an organism in the presence of restriction endonucleases.
  1. Reverse transcriptase enzyme was discovered by:
  1. Temin and Baltimore.
  2. Cohen and Boyer.
  3. Arber and Nathan.
  4. Paul Berg.
  1. During cDNA formation, what would happen if DNA formed by reverse transcriptase is not treated with the alkali?
  1. cDNA will not be digested.
  2. mRNA will not be digested.
  3. Hydrogen bonds will not form between base pairs.
  4. rnRNA will not be formed.
  1. Enzyme that helps in the formation of double stranded cDNA is:
  1. DNA synthetase
  2. Ligase
  3. DNA polymerase
  4. Helicase.
  1. DNA polymerase can be obtained form:
  1. Retrovirus.
  2. Agrobacteriurn.
  3. Tobacco mosaic virus.
  4. Thermus aquaticus.
  1. DNA synthesised without a template is referred to as:
  1. Complementary DNA.
  2. Random DNA.
  3. Synthetic DNA.
  4. Z-DNA..
→
Column I (Organic Acids]Column II (Microbial source)
(1) Citric acid (a) Rhizopus arrhizus
(2) Fumaric acid(b) Acetobacter aceti
(3) Gluconic acid(c) Aspergillus niger
(4) Acetic acid(d) Aspergillus niger
→
Column AColumn B
(1) Sir Edward Sharpey Schafer(a) Chemically synthesized DNA sequence of insulin
(2) Hakura(b) Discovery of insulin
(3) Gilbert and Villokomaroff(c) PCR
(4) K. Mullis (d) Insulin production using r-DNA technology
→
Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
Turner's syndrome is an example of monosomy. It is formed by the union of an allosome free egg and a normal 'X' containing sperm or a normal egg and an allosome free sperm. 'The individual has 2n = 45 chromosomes (44 + X0) instead of 46. Such individuals are sterile females who have rudimentary ovaries, under developed breasts, small uterus, short stature, webbed neck and abnormal intelligence. 'They may not menstruate or ovulate. This disorder can be treated by giving female sex hormone to the women from the age of puberty to make them develop breasts and have menstruation. This makes them feel more normal.
  1. Number of barr body present in a female with Turner's syndrome is?
  1. 0
  2. 1
  3. 2
  4. < 2.
  1. Turner's syndrome is an example of?
  1. Aneuploidy.
  2. Euploidy.
  3. Polyploidy.
  4. Autosomal abnormality.
  1. Turner's syndrome is a/an.
  1. Autosomal recessive Mendelian disorder.
  2. Autosomal dominant Mendelian disorder
  3. Sex linked Mendelian disorder.
  4. Chromosomal disorder.
  1. Which of the following statements regarding Turner's syndrome is incorrect?
  1. It is a case of monosomy of chromosomes.
  2. The suffering individual is a sterile female, having one 'X' chromosome missing in the cells.
  3. The problem is due to an extra chromosome.
  4. The individual are of short stature.
  1. Assertion: Turner's syndrome is caused due to absence of any one of the X and Y sex chromosome.
Reason: Individuals suffering from Turner's syndrome show masculine as well as feminine development
  1. Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
  2. Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
  3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
  4. Both assertion and reason are false.
→
Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below: Unlike animals, plants cannot runaway for their defence, therefore, they have evolved an astonishing variety of morphological and chemical defences against herbivores. Thorns are the most common morphological means of defence. Many plants produce and store chemicals that make the herbivore sick when they are eaten, inhibit feeding or digestion, disrupt its reproduction or even kill it. Some plants produce highly poisonous chemicals and that is why no cattle or goats browse on those plants. A wide variety of chemical substances that we extract from plants on a conunercial scale are produced by them actually as defence against grazers and browsers.
  1. Why you never see cattle or goats browsing on weed Calotropisl?
  1. It produces highly poisonous tannins.
  2. It produces quinine which is bitter in taste.
  3. It produces poisonous cardiac glycosides.
  4. It bears prickles.
  1. What could be the possible reason for invasive growth of the prickly pear cactus introduced in Australia?
  1. Absence of predators.
  2. New mycorrhizal association.
  3. Abundant water availability.
  4. All of these.
  1. Which of the following is most likely to sick by consuming chemicals produced by plants?
  1. Frog
  2. Goat
  3. Human
  4. Pigeon
  1. Plant evolve variety of morphological and chemical defences against.
  1. Prey
  2. Predator
  3. Commenal
  4. Mutualist
  1. Assertion: Some plant functions as predator in nature.
Reason: Phytoph ago us insects feed on plant sap.
  1. Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
  2. Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
  3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
  4. Both assertion and reason are false.
→