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BIOLOGY Case study (4 Marks)

Control and Co-ordination · Maharashtra Board STD 12 Science (MSBSHSE - English Medium). 15 questions.

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Case study (4 Marks)

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15 questions · timed · auto-graded

Question 14 Marks
Match the disorder with the gland associated with it.
Column A (Disorder)Column B (Associated Gland)
(1) Addison’s disease(A) Hypothalamus
(2) Grave’s disease(B) Pituitary
(3) Diabetes insipidus(C) Thyroid
(4) Acromegaly(D) Adrenal 
Answer
Column A (Disorder)Column B (Associated Gland)
(1) Addison’s disease(D) Adrenal
(2) Grave’s disease(C) Thyroid
(3) Diabetes insipidus(A) Hypothalamus
(4) Acromegaly(B) Pituitary 
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Question 24 Marks
Match the layer of adrenal with its hormone.
Column A (Layers of adrenal cortex)Column B (Hormones)
(1) Zona glomerulosa (A) Cortisols
(2) Zona fasciculata(B) Androgens
(3) Zona reticularis(C) Aldosterone
Answer
Column A (Layers of adrenal cortex)Column B (Hormones)
(1) Zona glomerulosa (C) Aldosterone
(2) Zona fasciculata(A) Cortisols
(3) Zona reticularis(B) Androgens
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Question 34 Marks
Match the hormones with their sourc
Column AColumn B
(1) Glucagon(i) Neurohypophysis
(2) Adrenaline(ii) Islets of Langerhans
(3) Somato tropins(iii) Adenohypophysis
(4) ADH(iv) Medulla 
Answer
Column A Column B
(1) Glucagon(ii) Islets of Langerhans
(2) Adrenaline(iv) Medulla
(3) Somato tropins(iii) Adenohypophysis
(4) ADH(i) Neurohypophysis
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Question 44 Marks
Distinguish between : Glucocorticoids and mineralcorticoids
Answer
Glucocorticoids Mineralocorticoids
1. Glucocorticoids control carbohydrate metabolism.1. Mineralocorticoids regulate mineral concentration.
2. These are secreted by the cells of zona fasciculata.2. These are secreted by the cells of zona glomerulosa.
3. These also regulate protein and fat metabolism.3. These regulate salt-water balance.
4. Cortisol is the main glucocorticoid.4. Aldosterone is the main mineralocorticoid.
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Question 54 Marks
Distinguish between : FSH and LH
Answer
FSH LH
1. FSH is follicle stimulating hormone essential for the development of ovary.1. LH is luteinizing hormone responsible for ovulation in females.
2. FSH stimulates ovary (follicular cells) to produce estrogen.2. LH stimulates ovary (corpus luteum) to produce progesterone.
3. FSH in males is responsible for the spermatogenesis.3. LH in females is responsible for the development of corpus luteum.
4. Negative feedback mechanism exists between amounts of FSH and estrogen in females.4. Negative feedback mechanism exists between amounts of LH and progesterone in females.
5. FSH is indirectly responsible for the development of secondary sexual characters in females.5. LH is indirectly responsible for maintenance of pregnancy in females.
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Question 64 Marks
Distinguish between : Adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis.
Answer
Adenohypophysis Neurohypophysis
1. Adenohypophysis is the anterior lobe of pituitary.1. Neurohypophysis is the posterior lobe of pituitary.
2. There is portal system between adenohypo-physis and hypothalamus which has blood sinusoids.2. There is axonal knobs and blood vessels that connect neurohypophysis and hypothalamus.
3. Adenohypophysis forms 75% of pituitary.3. Neurohypophysis forms 25% of pituitary.
4. Adenohypophysis has three parts, pars tuberalis, pars distalis and pars intermedia.4. Neurohypophysis has three parts, median eminence, infundibulum and pars nervosa
5. Adenohypophysis has chromophil (acidophil and basophil) and chromophobe cells.5. Neurohypophysis has axonic fibres and pituicytes.
6. Adenohypophysis secretes seven different hormones after receiving an appropriate message from hypothalamus through releasing factors.6. Neurohypophysis does not produce hormones on its own. It is a neurohaemal organ as it receives and stores two hormones from hypothalamus.
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Question 74 Marks
Distinguish between : Extero and entero receptors.
Answer
Exteroceptors Interoceptors
1. Receptors receiving stimuli from outer environment of the body are called exteroceptors.1. Receptors receiving stimuli from inside the body are called interoceptors.
2. These are somatic receptors.2. These are visceral receptors.
3. Exteroceptors keep the body informed about . changes in the environment like temperature, pressure, touch, etc.3. Interoceptors keep the homeostasis in the body by receiving stimuli from inside the body.
4. Mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, chemical receptors, photoreceptors and statoacoustic receptors are the different types of exteroceptors.4. Propioceptors, enteroceptors, baroceptors are the different types of interoceptors.
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Question 84 Marks
Distinguish between : Cranial nerves and Spinal nerves
Answer
Cranial nerves Spinal nerves
1. Nerves arising from the brain are cranial nerves.1. Nerves arising from the spinal cord are spinal nerves.
2. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves.2. There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
3. Cranial nerves are of three types, viz sensory, mixed and motor.3. All spinal nerves are of mixed type.
4. Cranial nerves are responsible for cerebral reflexes.4. Spinal nerves are responsible for spinal reflexes.
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Question 94 Marks
Distinguish between : Cerebrum and cerebellum
Answer
Cerebrum Cerebellum
1. The cerebrum is the larger part forming 85% of the brain. It has four lobes.1. The cerebellum is the smaller part forming 11%. of the brain. It has three lobes.
2. The cerebrum coordinates the functions of the sensory and motor areas.2. The cerebellum coordinates the equilibrium of muscular movements during walking and running.
3. The cerebrum plays an important role in receiving the sensory impulses such as touch, pain, heat, cold, etc.3. The cerebellum plays an important role in maintaining the posture and balance of the body.
4. The cerebrum is concerned with higher mental faculties such as memory, will and intelligence.4. The cerebellum is concerned with muscular mechanism.
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Question 104 Marks
Distinguish between : Dura mater and pia mater.
Answer
Dura materpia mater
1. Dura mater is the outermost meninx. 1. Pia mater is the innermost meninx.
2. Dura mater lies on the innermost side of skull or cranium.2. Pia mater lies on outermost side of the brain.
3. Dura mater is tough, thick and fibrous.3. Pia mater is thin and highly vascular.
4. Dura mater is mainly protective in function.4. Pia mater is mainly nourishing in nature.
5. Below dura mater is subdural space.5. Above pia mater is sub-arachnoidal space.
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Question 114 Marks
Distinguish between : Epithalamus and hypothalamus.
Answer
Epithalamus hypothalamus
1. Epithalamus is the roof of diencephalon.1. Hypothalamus is the floor of diencephalon.
2. Epithalamus shows pineal stalk to which pineal gland is attached.2. Hypothalamus shows infundibulum to which pituitary gland is attached.
3. Epithalamus is non-nervous in nature.3. Hypothalamus is the higher centre of autonomous nervous system.
4. Epithalamus has anterior choroid plexus which secretes cerebrospinal fluid.4. Hypothalamus has neurons which secrete two endocrine hormones.
5. Epithalamus controls biological rhythm.5. Hypothalamus controls homeostasis of the body.
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Question 124 Marks
Distinguish between : Unconditional reflexes and Conditional reflexes
Answer
Unconditional reflexes Conditional reflexes
1. Unconditional reflexes are inborn.1. Conditional reflexes are not inborn, they require training.
2. Unconditional reflexes are permanent.2. Conditional reflexes are temporary.
3. They never disappear and need no previous experience.3. They may disappear after sometime and need proper training for developing it.
4. Unconditional reflexes are heritable.4. Conditional reflexes are non-heritable.
5. Sneezing, coughing, blinking of eye, etc. are unconditional reflexes.5. Cycling, driving, playing games, etc. are due to conditional reflexes.
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Question 134 Marks
Distinguish between : Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
Answer
Sympathetic nervous systemParasympathetic nervous system
1. Sympathetic nervous system is formed by 22 pairs of sympathetic ganglia, 2 sympathetic cords which run parallel to vertebral column.1. Parasympathetic nervous system has nerve fibres which run along with cranial and spinal nerves.
2. Sympathetic nervous system works through neurotransmitter, adrenaline.2. Parasympathetic nervous system works through release of acetylcholine.
3. Sympathetic nervous system enhances all the involuntary functions. 3. Parasympathetic nervous system retards all the involuntary functions.
4. It brings about fight, fright and flight responses.4. It brings about relaxation, comfort, pleasure, etc.
5. The pre-ganglionic nerve fibres are short and the post-ganglionic nerve fibres are long in sympathetic nervous system.5. The pre-ganglionic nerve fibres are long and the post-ganglionic nerve fibres are short in parasympathetic nervous system.
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Question 144 Marks
Distinguish between : Electrical and chemical synapses:
Answer
Electrical synapse Chemical synapse
1. The gap between the successive neurons in electrical synapse is very less [3.8 nm],1. The gap between two successive neurons in chemical synapse is larger than electrical synapse [10-20 nm].
2. Transmission across the gap is faster in electrical synapse.2. Transmission across the gap in chemical synapse is relatively slower than electrical synapse.
3. Electrical synapse is less common.3. Chemical synapse is more common.
4. Electrical synapse is found in those places of the body requiring instant response.4. Chemical synapse is found almost everywhere and connects neuron to neuron, muscles or glands.
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Question 154 Marks
Column AColumn B
(1) Neurons(a) Earthworm
(2) Ladder type(b) Hydra
(3) Ganglion(c) Flatworm
(4) Nerve net(d) Human
Answer
1-d , 2-c , 3-a , 4-b
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Case study (4 Marks) - BIOLOGY STD 12 Science Questions - Vidyadip