Question
Distinguish between: Vasa efferentia and Vasa deferentia.

Answer

Vasa efferentiaVasa deferentia
1. Vasa efferentia arise from the rete testes and enter the epididymis.1. Vasa deferentia arise from the epididymis and form ejaculatory duct after the union with seminal duct.
2. They are present in 15-20 number and are fine convoluted ductules.2. They are thick and coiled ductules present in a single pair.
3. The spermatozoa are carried from rete testis to epididymis by vasa efferentia.3. The spermatozoa are carried from epididymis to ejaculatory ducts by vasa deferentia.

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Natality and Mortality.
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Alcohols are important industrial solvents. Ethanol, methanol, propanol and butanol are produced commercially by fermentation activity of some fungi, majorly yeasts. During fermentation, yeast cells convert cereal derived sugars into ethanol and $CO_2$ At the same time hundreds of secondary metabolites that influence the aroma and taste of alcohol are produced. Sugar concentration affects the rate of fermentation reactions. Yeast cannot grow in very strong sugar solution. In case of complex carbohydrate containing nutrient media, 1% malt or Rhizopus is used along with yeasts. Hydrolysis of starch is carried out at high temperature for 30 ruins. 'Tile crushed food mixed with hot water for obtaining malt in called mash. 'Tile nutrient medium prior to fermentation in called wort. Wort is cooled down to appropriate temperature and inoculated with strain of yeast.
  1. Tile rate of alcohol production is measured on the basis of:
  1. Amount of sugar present in the medium.
  2. Amount of $CO_2$ produced per unit time.
  3. Amount of yeast added in the medium.
  4. All of these.
  1. A number of chemicals are produced at the time of alcoholic fermentation with the change of nutrient media, pH and aeration. Select such by-product from the following.
  1. Phenylethanol.
  2. Amyl alcohol.
  3. Glycerol.
  4. All of these.
  1. During alcoholic fermentation of cereals and potato, the crushed food mixed with hot water for obtaining malt is called:
  1. Juice.
  2. Mash.
  3. Wort.
  4. None of these.
  1. Distilled alcohol with 95% ethanol content is called:
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  2. Rectified spirit.
  3. Gin.
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  1. Assertion: Rhizopus or 1% malt is used in the nutrient medium when it contains complex carbohydrates.
Reason: Yeast does not possess sufficient diastase or amylase.
  1. Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
  2. Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
  3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
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Distinguish between: Zona pellucida and Corona radiata.
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Green manuring is the fanning practice where a leguminous plant which has derived enough benefits from its association with appropriate species of Rhizobium, is ploughed into the field soil and then a non-legume is sown and allowed to get benefitted from the already present nitrogen fixer. Some legumes, such as, Crotolaria juncea, Sesbania rostrata, Lencaena leucocephala, etc. are used as green manure. Rhizobia, that fix atmospheric nitrogen in the form of nitrate, live in the roots ofleguminous plants. These nutrients are used by non-leguminous plants through the practice of green manuring.
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  1. Which of the following plants is used as green manure in crop fields?
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  1. Green manure plants belong to the Family:
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  2. Papilionaceae.
  3. Liliaceae.
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  1. Due to excess use of chemical fertilisers rich in nitrate, ________ disease occurred in children.
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Over population causes number of family problems. Strategies like birth control methods help to control population explosion. Natural methods of birth control do not involve medications or devices to prevent pregnancy, but rather rely on behavioural practices and/ or making observations about menstrual cycle.
  1. Which method helps in contraception by temporary absence of sex?
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  2. Withdrawal method.
  3. Rhythm method.
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  1. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
  2. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
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  4. Both assertion and reason are false.
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  4. Alteration in uterine endometrium.
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Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
ln a plant species that follows Mendelian inheritance yellow flower colour is dominant over white and round fruits shape is dominant over elongated. Crossing was performed between two purelines-one having yellow-flower and round fruit and another with white flower and elongated fruits. About 20 plants survived in $F_1$ progeny. Plants of $F_1$ were allowed to self fertilise and about 960 plants survived in $F_2$
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  2. 10
  3. 5
  4. 0
  1. How many plants would have yellow flower and round fruit in $F_2$​​​​​​​ generation?
  1. 960
  2. 540
  3. 180
  4. 60
  1. Which of the following is correct for the condition when plant heterozygous for yellow flower and round fruit is back crossed with the double recessive parent?
  1. 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 ratio of phenotype only.
  2. 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 ratio of genotype only.
  3. 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 ratio of phenotype only.
  4. 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 ratio of phenotype and genotype.
  1. When the plant heterozygous for yellow flower and round fruit are self crossed, then the plant with yellow flower and elongated fruit will be represented by the genotype?
  1. YyRr, YyRR, YYRr
  2. Yyrr, YYrr, yyrr
  3. yyRr, yyRR
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  2. Benzo(a)pyrene
  3. Hydrazine
  4. All of these
  1. How is lung cancer diagnosed?
  1. Computerised tomography scan
  2. Sputum cytolog
  3. Biopsy of lung tissue
  4. All of these
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  3. Lymphoma
  4. Leukemia
  1. Select the correct statement.
  1. Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy can be used to treat lung cancer.
  2. Chemotherapy involves the exposure of cancerous parts to X rays which destroy rapidly growing cancer cells.
  3. Surgical removal of lung cancer tissue is suggested at advanced stage 4.
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  2. Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
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