Question
Explain different ways of classifying data.
✓
Answer
Generally, data are classified on the basis of the following four bases: Geographical Classification: In geographical classification, data are classified on the basis of geographical or locational differences – such as cities, districts, or villages – between various elements of the data set. The following is an example of a geographical distribution. (Figures are hypothetical)
Chronological Classification: When data are classified on the basis of time, the classification is known as chronological classification. Such classifications are also called time series because data are usually listed in chronological order starting with the earliest period. The following is an example of a Chronological distribution. (Figures are hypothetical)
Another example can be:
Qualitative Classification: In qualitative classification, data are classified on the basis of descriptive characteristics or on the basis of attributes like sex, literacy, region, caste, or education, which cannot be quantified. This is done in two ways: Simple classification: In this type of classification, each class is subdivided into two sub-classes and only one attribute is studied, for example male and female; blind and not blind, educated and uneducated; and so on. Manifold classification: In this type of classification, a class is subdivided into more than two subclasses which may be sub-divided further. An example is given below: 
Quantitative Classification: In this classification, data are classified on the basis of characteristics which can be measured such as height, weight, income, expenditure, production, or sales. An example is given below:
|
States of India
|
Punjab
|
Haryana
|
J & k
|
Bihar
|
Orissa
|
M.P.
|
|
Poverty (%)
|
12
|
10
|
3.5
|
39
|
38
|
34
|
|
Year
|
1951
|
1961
|
1971
|
1981
|
1991
|
2001
|
|
Poverty (%)
|
52
|
50
|
47
|
38
|
36
|
26
|
|
Month
|
Family expenditure per member
|
|
January
|
2000
|
|
February
|
3000
|
|
March
|
1000
|
|
April
|
1200
|
|
May
|
2300
|
|
June
|
1400
|
|
July
|
1100
|
|
August
|
4300
|
|
September
|
900
|
|
October
|
1900
|
|
November
|
2100
|
|
December
|
3100
|
Quantitative Classification: In this classification, data are classified on the basis of characteristics which can be measured such as height, weight, income, expenditure, production, or sales. An example is given below:
|
Salary Per Month
|
No. of workers
|
|
0-10000
|
40
|
|
10,000-20,000
|
10
|
|
20000-30000
|
13
|
|
30000-40000
|
8
|
|
40,000-50,000
|
12
|
|
50,000 and above
|
7
|
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