Question
Explain geometrical isomerism in octahedral Complex.
✓
Answer
$\rightarrow$ This type of isomerism arises in heteroleptic complexes due to different possible geometric arrangements of the ligands.
$\rightarrow$ Important examples of these behaviour are found with coordination numbers $4$ and $6.$
$\rightarrow$ In a square planar complex of formula $\ce{[MX_2L_2]} (X$ and $L$ are unidentate$),$ the two ligands $X$ may be arranged adjacent to each other in a cis isomer, or opposite to each other in a trans isomer.
Geometrical isomers $($cis and trans$)$ of $\ce{Pt[(NH_3)_2Cl_2]}$
$\rightarrow$ Other square planar complex of the type $\text{MABXL} ($where $\text{A, B, X, L}$ are unidentates$)$ shows three isomers$-$two cis and one trans.
$\rightarrow$ Such isomerism is not possible for a tetrahedral geometry.
$\rightarrow$ In octahedral complexes of formula $\ce{[MX_2L_4]}$ in which the two ligands $X$ may be oriented cis or trans to each other
Geometrical isomers $($cis and trans$)$ of $\ce{[Co(NH_3)_4Cl_2]^+}$
$\rightarrow$ This type of isomerism also arises when didentate ligands $L-L [e.g., en ]$ are present in complexes of formula $\ce{[MX_2(L-L)_2]}$
Geometrical isomers $($cis and trans$)$ of $\ce{[CoCl_2(en)_2]}$
$\rightarrow$ Another type of geometrical isomerism occurs in octahedral coordination entities of the type $\ce{[Co(NH_3)_3(NO_2)_3].}$
$\rightarrow$ If three donor atoms of the same ligands occupy adjacent positions at the corners of an octahedral face, it forms the facial $($fac$)$ isomer.
$\rightarrow$ When the positions are around the meridian of the octahedron, we get the meridional $($mer$)$ isomer.
The facial $($fac$)$ and meridional $($mer$)$ isomers of $\ce{[Co(NH_3)_3(NO_2)_3]}$
$\rightarrow$ Important examples of these behaviour are found with coordination numbers $4$ and $6.$
$\rightarrow$ In a square planar complex of formula $\ce{[MX_2L_2]} (X$ and $L$ are unidentate$),$ the two ligands $X$ may be arranged adjacent to each other in a cis isomer, or opposite to each other in a trans isomer.
Geometrical isomers $($cis and trans$)$ of $\ce{Pt[(NH_3)_2Cl_2]}$
$\rightarrow$ Other square planar complex of the type $\text{MABXL} ($where $\text{A, B, X, L}$ are unidentates$)$ shows three isomers$-$two cis and one trans.
$\rightarrow$ Such isomerism is not possible for a tetrahedral geometry.
$\rightarrow$ In octahedral complexes of formula $\ce{[MX_2L_4]}$ in which the two ligands $X$ may be oriented cis or trans to each other
Geometrical isomers $($cis and trans$)$ of $\ce{[Co(NH_3)_4Cl_2]^+}$
$\rightarrow$ This type of isomerism also arises when didentate ligands $L-L [e.g., en ]$ are present in complexes of formula $\ce{[MX_2(L-L)_2]}$
Geometrical isomers $($cis and trans$)$ of $\ce{[CoCl_2(en)_2]}$
$\rightarrow$ Another type of geometrical isomerism occurs in octahedral coordination entities of the type $\ce{[Co(NH_3)_3(NO_2)_3].}$
$\rightarrow$ If three donor atoms of the same ligands occupy adjacent positions at the corners of an octahedral face, it forms the facial $($fac$)$ isomer.
$\rightarrow$ When the positions are around the meridian of the octahedron, we get the meridional $($mer$)$ isomer.
The facial $($fac$)$ and meridional $($mer$)$ isomers of $\ce{[Co(NH_3)_3(NO_2)_3]}$
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