Question
Explain how stationary waves are formed in open and closed pipes. Compare the first three harmonics produced in them.
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Answer
Stationary or Standing Waves: Formed by two waves moving in opposite directions interacting. They may have equal or unequal amplitudes and generally equal frequencies are $\text{Y}=\pm2\text{A}\sin\text{kx}\cos\omega\text{t}$ refers to a standing wave, where nodes and antinodes are alternatively formed with a separation $\frac{\lambda}{2}.$ In closed pipes, there will be a node at the closed end and antinode at open end while both ends will be antinodes in an open pipe. The frequency in them are given by:
This type of pattern is being formed. On observation, one can conclude that only odd harmonics are available in a closed pipe, while all harmonics are available in an open pipe.
This type of pattern is being formed. On observation, one can conclude that only odd harmonics are available in a closed pipe, while all harmonics are available in an open pipe.
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