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Answer
There are two types of Poverty Alleviation Programmes:
$(a)$ Self-employment Programme
$(b)$ Wage-based Employment Programme
•Self-employment Programme: Under this programme, a person doesn't get employment directly but he is trained so that he may be self- employed in future. Various programmes at village level like providing equipments to rural youth for self-employment, programmes of child and woman development, rural coordinational programme have been implemented.
(1) Suvarna Jayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojna (SGSY): The objective of this programme is to provide training, bank loans, subsidy, market, self- employment and thereby increase their employment capacity and lift them above poverty line. The District Rural Development Agency and Taluka Panchayat are implementing the above programmes.
(2) Survarna Jayanti Shaheri Rojgar Yojna (SJSRY): Under this programme, efforts have been made to benefit the literate unemployed in the age group of $18$ to $35$ years, to develop the urban women and children, The economic backward people of society are prioritized under the programmes. With the objective of self-employment, women are given subsidy.
. Wage-based Employment Programme: Under this programme, the unemployed is provided employment directly. A person will get work and get wages.
(1) Wage-based Gram Samruddhi Yojna (JGSY): The objective of this programme is that the rural people can raise their durable assets according to their necessities making better their rural cultural facilities. They need not remain unemployed except in rainy season but can get more employment through physical work. The objective behind the programme is to raise opportunities and prioritize works like forest resource, land preservation, small agricultural programmes, recharging wells, construction of village roads, dispensaries, schools, Panchayat house, bus- depot, semi-irrigation projects, construction of check- dams and to remove waste from the ponds. Minimum wages are paid to the poor.
(2) Sampurna Gramin Rojgar Yojna (SGRY): The objective of this programme is to provide rural wages and food grains for work to raise facilities, to provide nutritious food and to raise the opportunities of wage oriented work employment at rural level. Under this programme, various activities like famine restriction works, afforestation, veterinary centres and development of water resources are conducted.
(3) Pradhan Mantri Gramoddhar Yojna (PMGY): The objective of this programme is to improve the living standard of the rural masses by prioritizing the activities in the fields of primary health, pure drinking water, primary education, development of village roads and housing, the primary services, nutritious food and electricity.
$(4)$ In addition, in the Indira Aavas Yojna $(IAY),$ under Pradhan Mantri Gramin Aavas Yojna, the rural poor are provided houses free of cost.
$(5)$ Under Valmiki Ambedkar Aavas Yojna $(VAMBAY),$ the urban poor are provided well-built houses.
$(6)$ Under 'Antyoday Anna Yojna' $(AAY), 35\ kgs$ food grains per month is given at subsidized rate to those living below the poverty line.
$(7)$ Under 'Rashtriya Samajik Sahay Yojna', the poor is provided help at the time of delivery, the old are given economic aid in the event of the death of an employed person, the family members are provided with financial help.
$(8)$ Under Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan, an effort is made to raise the living standard of the urban and the rural poor by creating clean and healthy environment, raising "Sulabh Sauchalayas', subsidized by the State and Central governments.
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