Question
Explain temperature on the basis of molecular kinetic theory.
✓
Answer
When heat is given to a substance the given heat gets distributed among the molecules of the substance. After achieving the molecules of the which the molecules of the substance start performing simple harmonic motion with greater amplitude around their normal position. When the substance is liquid or gas, as the amplitude of vibrations of the molecules increases, the linear and rotational motions also increase and the increase total kinetic energy is equal to the heat given. In this way the heat given to the substance is converted en to the total K.E. of the molecules of the substance and the increase in temperature of a certain amout of the substance is proportional to the increase in heat given.
Therefore heat given to a certain amount of substance is an increase in temperature or an increase in the total kinetic energy of the molecules of a certain amount of substance.
We know that at 0 K the K.E. of the molecules of a substances is zero. If the total K.E. $\theta$ of a molecule in a certain amount of substance at T K is $
\theta \propto T .
$
Therefore heat given to a certain amount of substance is an increase in temperature or an increase in the total kinetic energy of the molecules of a certain amount of substance.
We know that at 0 K the K.E. of the molecules of a substances is zero. If the total K.E. $\theta$ of a molecule in a certain amount of substance at T K is $
\theta \propto T .
$
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