| S.No | Character | DNA | RNA |
| 1 | Location | It usually occurs in nucleus and some cell organelles like mitochondria and plastid. | It usually occurs both in nucleus and cytoplasm. |
| 2 | Nature | Genetic Material. | Except some viruses, It is non-genetic In nature. |
| 3 | No. of Strand | Usually double stranded with exception $\phi 174$ bacteriophage | Usually single stranded. |
| 4 | Pentose Sugar | Deoxyribose | Ribose |
| 5 | Pyrimidine N-Bases | Cytosine and thymine | Cytosine and thymine |
| 6 | Purine and pyrimidine amount | Equal in all DNA | Never equal in RNA |
| 7 | Unsual N-Bases | Very few or asbsent | Many and often present |
| 8 | Pairing of N-bases | Is found along entire length | Only found in folded part |
| 9 | Copier enzyme | DNA polymerase | RNA polymerase |
| S.No | Codon | Anticodon |
| 1 | It is found in DNA and mRNA. | It occurs in t-RNA. |
| 2 | Codon is complementary to a triplet of template strand. | It is complementary to a codon. |
| 3 | It determines the position of an amino acid in a polypeptide. | It helps in bringing a particular amino acid at its proper position during translation. |
| S.No | Transcription | Translation |
| 1 | It is the synthesis of RNA from DNA | It is the synthesis of polypeptide chain from m-RNA. |
| 2 | It is cytoplasmic event in prokaryotes and nuclear event in eukaryotes. | It is cytoplasmic event both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes |
| 3 | Template is antisense strand of DNA. | Template is m-RNA. |
| 4 | The raw materials are ribonucleotides. | The raw materials are 20 types of aminoacids. |
| 5 | It involves synthesis of all three types of RNA. | All three types of RNA take part in synthesis of polypeptide chain. |
| 6 | It requires RNA polymerases and some transcriptions factors. | It requires ribosomes, initiation factors and elongation factors and releasing factors |
| 7 | RNA polymerases moves over the template. | Ribosome moves over the template. |
| S.No | Induction | Repression |
| 1 | It turns the operon on. | It turns the operon off. |
| 2 | It starts transcription and protein synthesis. | It stops transcription and protein synthesis. |
| 3 | It is caused by a new metabolite which needs enzymes to get metabolised. | It is caused by an excess of existing metabolite. |
| 4 | It operates in a catabolic pathway. | It operates in an anabolic pathway. |
| 5 | Repressor is prevented by the inducer from joining the operator gene. | Aporepressor is enabled by a corepressor to join the operator gene. |
| S.No | RNA Splicing | RNA Editing |
| 1 | It is the process of removal of introns fromhn-RNA. | It involves modification in structure of different types of RNA |
| 2 | It occurs before translation. | It occurs during protein synthesis. |
| 3 | It occurs in eukaryotes. | It occurs both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes |
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