Organizational Psychology — psychology STD 12 Arts — Question

(1) Function Specification:

• The characteristics of the work are found depending on the form of the work. Which are in two forms.

(1) No single task is performed entirely by one person.
(2) Divide the work into different sections and assign each task to a different person.

• Work specialization makes the employee more expert.

(2) Account splitting:

• Depending on the nature of the work, the organization is divided into different accounts. In which different special functions are divided into different accounts.
• E.g. In a single school, the department is divided into different classrooms, administrative offices, principal's office, staff room, prayer hall, library, computer lab, etc.

(3) command chain:

• The chain of command is the clarity of who will report the work to whom.
• In which there is a unity of right and command.
• Right means to act as expected by a position while the unity of the command means to have only one superior in any position.
• If there is more authority in the unity of the command, then unreasonable demands, factionalism or contradictory behavior of the officers are seen on the employee.

(4) Control area:

• Effective supervision over a certain number of employees in any organization is the area of ​​control.
• If the control area is large i.e. there are more employees than the number of managers then the task of not being able to provide proper leadership is adversely affected.
• Limiting the control area requires more managers which proves to be more costly for the organization.

(5) Concentration:

• Management powers in an organization work in two ways.

(1) Centralized system: In which all important decisions are taken by the superior.
(2) Decentralized system: In which different employees are given the power to make work decisions.

• The system of centralized and decentralized power influences the decision of action.

(6) Formalization:

• A formal organization is a system in which a person has less freedom to work, a fixed procedure, a law-abiding, strict approach.
• While the method of working in an informal form of organization does not provide freedom or independence.