Question
Explain why carbon forms compounds mainly by covalent bond. Explain in brief two main reasons for carbon forming a large number of compounds. Why does carbon form strong bonds with most other elements?
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Answer
Carbon has 4 electrons in its outermost shell, and needs to gain or lose 4 electrons to attain noble gas configuration. Losing or gaining 4 electrons is not possible due to energy, considerations; hence it shares electrons to form covalent bonds.Two reasons for large number of carbon compounds:
- Catenation: The unique ability of carbon to form bonds with other atoms of carbon giving rise to long chains of different types of compounds.
- Tetravalency: Since carbon has a valency of 4, it is capable of bonding with four other atoms of carbon or atoms of elements like oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine, etc.
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