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CULTURAL HERITAGE OF INDIA: SCULPTURE AND ARCHITECTURE. — Social Science STD 10 — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 10Social ScienceCULTURAL HERITAGE OF INDIA: SCULPTURE AND ARCHITECTURE.4 Marks
Question
Give information about the caves of Gujarat.
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Answer

$1.$ Caves at Junagadh:
  • There are three groups of caves in Junagadh.
$i.$ Bavapyara caves
  • There are $16$ caves in three layers, intersecting each other at right angles.
  • In the first line there are $4$ caves, in the second there $7$ caves and in the third line there are 5 caves.
  • These caves might have been carved in the first or second century $AD.$
$ii.$ The Uparkot caves
  • They are double storeyed.
  • They might have been carved during the end of second century and the beginning of the fourth century.
$iii.$ Caves of Khapra and Kodiya
  • These caves have been carved over the edge of a lake.
  • They might have been carved in the third century.
  • There are twenty pillars and they are in ruins now.
  • These caves are in ruins today.
$2.$ Khambhalida Caves
  • These cayes were discovered in $1959.$
  • They are situated at Khambhalida near Gondal about $70\ km$ from Rajkot.
  • Three of the caves are remarkable.
  • The central cave is a Chaitya. At its entrance there are figures of Boddhisattvas.
  • There is an old stupa here.
$3.$ Talaja Caves
  • The Talaja hill is situated near the mouth of the Shetrunji river in Bhavnagardistrict
  • It is famous as Taaldhwajgiri, a place of pilgrimage.
  • There are $30$ caves which have been carved from stones with huge gates.
  • The cave has a unique sculpture called Ebhal Mandap $($Sabhakhand$)$ and Chaitya Grph.
  • This cave architecture belongs to the third century $AD.$
$4.$ Sana Caves
  • This group of caves is situated on the top of Sana Mountain in Vankiya village, Una taluka in Gir Somnath district.
  • There are 62 caves spread like a bee-hive.
$5.$ Dhank Caves
  • Dhank giri is situated in Dhank village of Upleta taluka at Rajkot district.
  • They might have been built in the beginning of 4th century.
$6.$ Jhinjuri Jhar Caves
  • There are many Buddhist caves in the west of Dhank, about 7km from Sidsar, is the valley of Jhinjhurijar.
  • It is considered that they have been built in the second century.
$7.$ Khapra -Kodiya Caves in Kachchh
  • These caves are situated on the top of hill near old Patgadh, in Lakhpat taluka of Kutch.
  • There are two caves; these were discovered by K.K.Shastri in $1967\ AD.$
$8.$ Kaliya Dungar caves
  • The three Kadia Dungar caves are located at Jhagadiya taluka m Bharuch district.
  • These are the specimen of Buddhist religion.
  • Architecture of these caves is marvellous.
  • There is an $11\ ft$ high pillar on which a two bodied lion With one mouth has been sculpted.

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