MCQ
Given below are two statements. One is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : Knowing initial position $\mathrm{x}_{0}$ and initial momentum $\mathrm{p}_{0}$ is enough to determine the position and momentum at any time t for a simple harmonic motion with a given angular frequency $\omega$.
Reason (R) : The amplitude and phase can be expressed in terms of $\mathrm{x}_{0}$ an $\mathrm{p}_{0}$.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :
  • A
    Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
  • B
    (A) is false but (R) is true.
  • C
    (A) is true but ( $\mathbf{R}$ ) is false.
  • D
    Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Answer

D.
$\mathrm{x}=\mathrm{A} \sin (\omega \mathrm{t}+\phi)$
$\mathrm{x}_{0}=\mathrm{A} \sin \phi\\\ldots(1)$
$\mathrm{p}=\mathrm{mA} \omega \cos (\omega \mathrm{t}+\phi)$
$\mathrm{p}_{0}=\mathrm{mA} \omega \cos \phi\\\ldots(2)$
$(2) /(1) \Rightarrow \tan \phi=\left(\frac{\mathrm{x}_{0}}{\mathrm{p}_{0}}\right) \mathrm{m} \omega$
$\sin \phi=\frac{\mathrm{x}_{0} \mathrm{~m} \omega}{\sqrt{\left(\mathrm{~m} \omega \mathrm{x}_{0}\right)^{2}+\mathrm{p}_{0}^{2}}}$
From (1), $A=\frac{x_{0}}{\sin \phi}=\frac{\sqrt{\left(m \omega x_{0}\right)^{2}+p_{0}^{2}}}{m \omega}$
This means we can explain assertion with the given reason.

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