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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure — Chemistry STD 11 Science — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 11 ScienceChemistryChemical Bonding and Molecular Structure5 Marks
Question
Group the following in linear and non-linear molecules: $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}, \mathrm{HOCl}, \mathrm{BeCl}_2 \mathrm{Cl}_2 \mathrm{O}$
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Answer

Linear molecules $\mathrm{HOCl}, \mathrm{BeCl}_2 \mathrm{CiO}^{-}$ion has linear shape. Linear shape results from $\mathrm{sp}^3$ - hybridisation of $\mathrm{Cl}^{-}$atom.
Three positions are occupied by lone pairs and one position by oxygen.

Has linear shape. Linear shape results from sp-hybridization of Be -atom. $\mathrm{Cl}, \mathrm{Be}, \mathrm{Cl}$.
Non-linear molecules: $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}, \mathrm{Cl}_2 \mathrm{O} \mathrm{~H}_2 \mathrm{O}$ has V -shaped structure. It results from $\mathrm{sp}^3$ hybridisation of O atom.

$\mathrm{Cl}_2 \mathrm{O}$ has V -shaped structure. The oxygen atom undergoes $\mathrm{sp}^3$ hybridization​​​​​​​

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