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Biotechnology: Principles and Processes — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

Rajasthan BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceBIOLOGYBiotechnology: Principles and Processes3 Marks
Question
How does Agrobacterium tumefaciens act as a suitable vector in biotechnology experiments? Cite an example, where it has been successfully used as a vector.
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Answer

  • Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a pathogen of several dicot plants.
  • It is able to deliver a piece of DNA, called T-DNA into the plant cells and transform them into tumour cells; it dictates the host cells to synthesise its nutrients.
  • The Tumour inducing (Ti) plasmid of this bacterium is modified and made non-pathogenic.
  • Though it is non-pathogenic, it still has the capacity to deliver its Ti plasmid to the plants and hence, the genes of interest ligated to it; thus it acts as a suitable vector in biotechnology experiments.
  • It has been used to transfer nematode-specific genes into tobacco plants, to make them resistant to the nematode, Meloidegyne incognitia, that attacks the roots of tobacco plant.

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