Human Health and Disease — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

1. Effects of alcohol:

• Effects on the individual: Alcohol is injurious to the health of the individual. When an individual consumes excess alcohol, it causes damage to the liver and the central nervous system. As a result, other symptoms such as depression, fatigue, aggression, loss of weight and appetite may also be observed in the individual. Sometimes, extreme levels of alcohol consumption may also lead to heart failure, resulting coma and death. The immediate adverse effects of alcohol abuse are manifested in form of reckless bhehaviour, vandalism and voilence, Also, it is advisable for pregnant women to avoid alcohol as it may inhibit normal growth of the baby.
• Effects on the family: Consumption of excess alcohol by any family member can have devastating effects on the family. It leads to several domestic problems such as quarrels, frustrations, insecurity, etc.

Effects of alcohol on society-

1. Rash behaviour.
2. Malicious mischief and violence.
3. Disturbing social network.
4. Loss of interest in social activities, loss of interests in hobbies, change in eating and sleeping habites etc.

2. Effects of drugs: An individual who is addicted to drugs creates problems not only for himself but also for his family.

• Effects on the addited individual: Drugs have an adverse effect on the central nervous system of an individual. This leads to the malfunctioning of several other organs of the body such as the kidney, liver, etc. The spread of HIV is most common in these individuals as they share common needles while injecting drugs in their body. Drugs have long-term side effects on both males and females. These side effects include increased aggressiveness, mood swings, and depression.
• Effects on the family and society: A person addicted to drugs creates problems for his family and society. A person dependant on drugs becomes frustrated, irritated, and anti-social. At the time of drug addicted becomes mental and financial distress.