Biotechnology: Principles and Processes — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

Study the pedigree chart given above, showing the inheritance pattern of blood groups in a family and answer the following questions:

1. Give the possible genotypes of the individuals 1 and 2.
2. Which antigen or antigens will be present on the plasma membranes of the RBCs of individuals 5 and 9?
3. Give the genotypes of the individuals 3 and 4.

The species diversity of plants (22 per cent) is much less than that of animals (72 per cent). What could be the explanations to how animals achieved greater diversification?

Embryo sacs of some apomictic species appear normal but contain diploid cells. Suggest a suitable explanation for the condition.

One of the codons on mRNA is AUG. Draw the structure of tRNA adapter molecule for this codon. Explain the uniqueness of this tRNA?

What are bioreactors? List five growth conditions that a bioreactor provides for obtaining the desired product.

Is it possible that productivity and diversity of a natural community remain constant over a time period of, say one hundred years?

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is considered as a good cloning vector. Explain why?

What is parturition? Which hormones are involved in induction of parturition?

How did an American Company, Eli Lilly use the knowledge of rDNA technology to produce human insulin?

Or

How did Eli Lilly synthesise the human insulin? Mention one difference between this insulin and the one produced by the human pancreas.

Or

How did Eli Lilly Company go about preparing the human insulin? How is the insulin thus produced different from that produced by the functional human insulin gene?

Why is earthworm considered a farmer's friend? Explain humification and mineralisation occurring in a decomposition cycle.