$n$ moles of a van der Waals' gas obeying the equation of state $\left(p+\frac{n^2 a}{V^2}\right)(V-n b)=n R T$, where $a$ and $b$ are gas dependent constants, is made to undergo a cyclic process that is depicted by a rectangle in the $p-V$ diagram as shown below. What is the heat absorbed by the gas in one cycle?
KVPY 2009, Medium
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(b)
Work done $=$ Arca enclosed under $p \cdot V$ diagram $=\left(p_1-p_2\right)\left(V_2-V_1\right)$
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One mole of an ideal gas undergoes two different cyclic processes I and II, as shown in the $P-V$ diagrams below. In cycle I, processes $a, b, c$ and $d$ are isobaric, isothermal, isobaric and isochoric, respectively. In cycle II, processes $a^{\prime}, b^{\prime}, c^{\prime}$ and $d^{\prime}$ are isothermal, isochoric, isobaric and isochoric, respectively. The total work done during cycle I is $W_I$ and that during cycle II is $W_{I I}$. The ratio $W_I / W_{I I}$ is . . . .
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