(b) Aniline acts as a base. In presence of \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\), its protonation takes place and anilinium ion is formed
(c) Anilinium ion is a strongly deactivating group and meta directing in nature so it gives meta nitration product in a significant amount.
$\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad$(પીળા રંગનું સંયોજન)
ઉપરોક્ત પ્રક્રિયા ધ્યાનમાં લો, નીપજ $"P"$ છે: