(b) Aniline acts as a base. In presence of \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\), its protonation takes place and anilinium ion is formed
(c) Anilinium ion is a strongly deactivating group and meta directing in nature so it gives meta nitration product in a significant amount.


$C_6H_5 - NO_2 + 6[H] \rightarrow C_6H_5 - NH_2 + 2H_2O$ આ પ્રક્રિયામાં રિડકશનકર્તા તરીકે ..... વપરાય છે.