$\underset{({{C}_{2}}{{H}_{6}}O)}{\mathop{X}}\,\,\xrightarrow[573\,\,K]{Cu}$ $A$ $\xrightarrow[^{-}OH\,,\,\Delta ]{{{[Ag{{(N{{H}_{3}})}_{2}}]}^{+}}}$ Silver mirror
$A\,\xrightarrow{^{-}OH\,,\,\Delta }Y$
$A\,\xrightarrow{N{{H}_{2}}NHCON{{H}_{2}}}Z$
Reaction with semicarbazide indicates that \(A\) can be an aldehyde or ketone.
Reaction with \(O H^{-}\) i.e., aldol condensation (by assuming alkali to be dilute) indicates that \(A\) is aldehyde as aldol reaction of ketones is reversible and carried out in special apparatus.
\(\mathop {C{H_3} - C{H_2}OH}\limits_{(X)} \xrightarrow[{573\,\,K}]{{Cu}}\) \(\mathop {C{H_3} - CHO}\limits_{(A)} \xrightarrow[\Delta ]{{{{[Ag{{(N{H_3})}_2}]}^ + }\,,\,O{H^ - }}}\) \(C{H_3} - COOH\)
\(\mathop {\mathop {C{H_3} - CHO}\limits_{(A)} }\limits_{ethanal} \xrightarrow{{\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
{\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,O} \\
{\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,||} \\
{{H_2}N - NH - C - N{H_2}}
\end{array}}}\) \(\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
{\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,O} \\
{\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,||} \\
{\mathop {C{H_3} - CH = }\limits_{\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,(Z)} N - NH - C - N{H_2}}
\end{array}\)
\(\mathop {\mathop {C{H_3} - CHO}\limits_{(A)} }\limits_{ethanal} \) \(\xrightarrow{{O{H^ - }}}\) \(\mathop {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
{OH\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,} \\
{|\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,} \\
{C{H_3} - CH - C{H_2} - CHO}
\end{array}}\limits_{3\, - \,Hydroxybutanal} \) \(\xrightarrow{\Delta }\) \(\underset{\begin{smallmatrix}
(Y) \\
But\,-\,2\,\,-\,enal
\end{smallmatrix}}{\mathop{C{{H}_{3}}-CH=CH-CHO}}\,\)