Read the given passage below and answer the questions that follow… - Vidyadip

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Read the given passage below and answer the questions that follow.
High Courts were first established in the three Presidency cities of Calcutta, Bombay and Madras in 1862. The High Court of Delhi came up in 1966. Currently, there are 25 High Courts. While many states have their own High Courts, Punjab and Haryana share a common High Court at Chandigarh and four North-Eastern states of Assam, Nagaland, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh have a common High Court at Guwahati. Andhra Pradesh (Amaravati) and Telangana (Hyderabad) have separate High Courts from 1st January, 2019. Some High Courts have benches in other parts of the state for greater accessibility.
Q. 1. When was the first High Court established in India?
(a) 1862
(b) 1866
(c) 1966
(d) 2019
Q. 2. A High Court bench located outside the state capital serves which primary purpose?
(a) To handle legal matters related to a specific region within the state.
(b) To reduce the work load on the main court in the capital city.
(c) To provide easier access to justice for citizens in remote areas..
(d) All of the above
Q. 3. Which of the following statements is not true about the establishment of High Courts in India?
(a) The first High Courts were established in 1862 in Calcutta, Bombay and Madras.
(b) The High Court of Delhi was established in 1966.
(c) Currently, there are 25 functioning High Courts in India.
(d) All states have their own High Courts.
Q. 4. What is the purpose of having benches of High Courts in other parts of the state?
(a) To make access to justice easier for people living in remote areas.
(b) To reduce the workload on the main High Court.
(c) To provide specialised courts for certain types of cases.
(d) All of the above

✓

Answer

1. (b) 1866
2. (b) To reduce the work load on the main court in the capital city.
3. (d) All states have their own High Courts.
5. (d) All of the above

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In 2011, during a spirited debate in the Lok Sabha, Parliamentarian Sushma Swaraj quoted a poetic verse to criticise the government:
“Tu idhar udhar ki na baat kar, yeh bata ki kafila kyun luta, humein rahjano se gila nahi, teri rahbari ka sawal hai.”
Don’t change the topic, just say why the caravan was looted. We have no complaint with the robbers, but this is a question on your leadership. In response, the then Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh calmly replied with another poetic line: “Maana ki teri deed ke qabil nahin boon main, tu mera shauq dekh mera intezar dekh.” I admit that I am not worthy of your sight; you should look at my zeal and my perseverance.
Q.1. Why is leadership accountability highlighted in Sushma Swaraj’s verse?
Q.2. What do the poetic exchanges between Sushma Swaraj and Dr. Manmohan Singh reveal about their approach to political debate?

The British transformed India’s economy from a self-sufficient agricultural system supplemented by craft and manufacture production into a supplier of raw materials for British industry and a market forced to buy British goods. Without going into the technical details of this economic transformation, let us take the example of the construction of India’s vast railway network, often cited as a colonial blessing.
While the railways did bring people closer together and integrated India’s internal market, it was designed primarily to move raw materials from the interior to ports for export and to distribute British manufactured goods throughout India. Railway routes largely ignored existing trade patterns to serve colonial economic interests. Another purpose was to move armies quickly from their cantonments if they had to fight a distant rebellion or war.
Q.1. Why did the British introduce railways in India?
Q.2. How did modern education serve British interests?
Q.3. Mention one way in which Indian industries were affected by British policies.

Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow.
The Bhopal disaster brought the issue of the environment to the forefront. Several thousands of persons who were not associated with the factory in anyway were greatly affected because of the poisonous gases leaked from the plant. This made people realise that the existing laws, though weak, only covered the individual workers and not persons who might be injured due to industrial accidents. In response to this pressure from environmental activists and others, in the years following the Bhopal gas tragedy, the Indian government introduced new laws on the environment. Henceforth, the polluter was to be held accountable for the damage done to environment. The environment is something that people over generations will share, and it could not be destroyed merely for industrial development. The courts also gave a number of judgments upholding the right to a healthy environment as intrinsic to the Fundamental Right to Life. In Subhash Kumar vs. State of Bihar (1991), the Supreme Court held that the Right to Life is a Fundamental Right under Article 21 of the Constitution and it includes the right to the enjoyment of pollution-free water and air for full enjoyment of life. The government is responsible for setting up laws and procedures that can check pollution, clean rivers and introduce heavy fines for those who pollute.
1. There are several Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution. Name the fundamental right that includes pollution free environment.
(a) Right to Education
(b) Right to Property
(c) Right to Freedom of Speech
(d) Right to Life under Article 21
2. The responsibility of imposing fines for environmental pollution lies with which of the following authorities/individuals?
(a) Environmental activists
(b) The Supreme Court
(c) The government
(d) Industrialists
3. The right to a healthy environment was recognised as which of the following in one of the Supreme Court judgements?
(a) A Fundamental Right under Article 21 of the Constitution
(b) A human right under international law
(c) A right that can be enforced through the courts
(d) All of the above
4. In the context of the Fundamental Right to Life, what did the Supreme Court affirm as part of this right in Subhash Kumar vs. State of Bihar (1991)?
(a) Right to own property
(b) Right to clean rivers
(c) Right to free education
(d) Right to pollution-free water and air

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Agriculture has developed in different places in different parts of the world. Developing countries with large populations usually practice intensive agriculture where crops are grown on small holdings mostly for subsistence. Larger holdings are more suitable for commercial agriculture as in the USA, Canada and Australia.
(i) Which of the following is an aspect of achieving agricultural development?
(a) Mechanisation
(b) Use of fertilisation
(c) Improve irrigation
(d) All of the above
(ii) Which type of agriculture is typically practiced in USA?
(a) Commercial agriculture
(b) Intensive agriculture
(c) Extensive agriculture
(d) Subsistence agriculture
(iii) Which factors could influence the success of agricultural development in both developing and developed countries?
(a) Climate change
(b) Government policies
(c) Availability of high-yielding seeds
(d) Cultural preferences
(iv) Why is intensive agriculture practiced in developing countries?
(a) To feed large population
(b) It is less water consuming
(c) To maintain soil fertility
(d) It is profitable

Industrial regions emerge when a number of Industries are located close to each other and share the benefits of their closeness. Major industrial regions of the world are Eastern North America, Western and Central Europe, Eastern Europe and Eastern Asia. Major industrial regions tend to be located in temperate areas, near seaports and especially near coal fields. India has several industrial regions like Mumbai-Pune cluster, Bangalore-Tamil Nadu region, Hugli region, Ahmedabad-Baroda region, Chota Nagpur industrial belt, Visakhapatnam-Guntur belt, Gurgaon-Delhi-Meerut region and the Kollam-Thiruvananthapuram industrial cluster.
(I) Which of the following is not a major industrial region in the world?
(a) Western Europe
(b) Eastern Asia
(c) Southern Africa
(d) Eastern Europe
(ii) In which type of areas are major industrial regions often located?
(a) Polar areas
(b) Tropical areas
(c) Temperate areas
(d) Arid areas
(iii) Which of the following is/are an industrial region in India?
(a) Mumbai-Pune cluster
(b) Bangalore-Tamil Nadu region
(c) Hugli region
(d) All of the above
(iv) When does the industrial regions energy?
(a) When industries are scattered across a country.
(b) When industries are located close to each other and share the benefits of closeness.
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Read the given passage below and answer the questions that follow.
The section on Fundamental Rights has often been referred to as the 'conscience' of the Indian Constitution. Colonial rule had created a certain suspicion of the State in the minds of the nationalists and they wanted to ensure that a set of written rights would guard against the misuse of State power in independent India. Fundamental Rights, therefore, protect citizens against the arbitrary and absolute exercise of power by the State. The Constitution, thus, guarantees the rights of individuals against the State as well as against other individuals. Moreover, the various minority communities also expressed the need for the Constitution to include rights that would protect their groups. The Constitution, therefore, also guarantees the rights of minorities against the majority. As Dr. Ambedkar has said about these Fundamental Rights, their object is two-fold. The first objective is that every citizen must be in a position to claim those rights. Secondly, these rights must be binding upon every authority that has got the power to make laws.
Q. 1. Which of the following provisions of the Indian constitution acts as a guide for the moral and ethical behavior of the citizens and protects them from the tyranny of the government?
(a) Fundamental Rights
(b) Directive Principles
(c) Preamble
(d) Fundamental Duties
Q. 2. In relation to the state, what is the objective behind incorporation of Fundamental Rights into the Constitution?
(a) To protect the rights of the State
(b) To guard against the misuse of State power
(c) To promote the absolute exercise of power by the State
(d) To establish a monarchy
Q. 3. Fundamental rights provides several protections to the citizens of India. These protections are provided against which of the following?
(a) Only the State
(b) Only other individuals
(c) Both the State and other individuals
(d) Only minority communities
Q. 4 What was the main concern of the Indian nationalists regarding the State?
(a) They believed the State would promote atheism.
(b) They feared the State would impose a single language
(c) They were worried about the State's potential for abuser of power
(d) They wanted the state to control all aspects of citizens' lives.

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(i) What does commercial farming primarily focused on?
(II) Name the crops that are commonly grown in commercial grain farming.
(III) Name the major areas where commercial grain farming is located.

“The natives are rising in many provinces. Their anger is fueled not just by our rule, but by the fear that their land, faith, and culture are under threat. Even women, such as the Rani of Jhansi, have taken up arms ”
Q.1. What emotions and concerns of Indians does the officer acknowledge?
Q.2. What does the mention of “even women” suggest about the nature of the rebellion?
Q.3. How does this source reflect the scale and intensity of the 1857 Revolt?

Agricultural development refers to efforts made to increase farm production in order to meet the growing demand of increasing population. This can be achieved in many ways such as increasing the cropped area, the number of crops grown, improving irrigation facilities, use of fertilizers and high-yielding variety of seeds. The mechanisation of agriculture is also another aspect of agricultural development. The ultimate aim of agricultural development is to increase food security.
Agriculture has developed in different places in different parts of the world. Developing countries with large populations usually practice intensive agriculture where crops are grown on small holdings mostly for subsistence. Larger holdings are more suitable for commercial agriculture as in the USA, Canada and Australia.
(i) Which of the following is an aspect of achieving agricultural development?
(a) Mechanisation
(b) Use of fertilisation
(c) Improve irrigation
(d) All of the above
(ii) Which type of agriculture is typically practiced in USA?
(a) Commercial agriculture
(b) Intensive agriculture
(c) Extensive agriculture
(d) Subsistence agriculture
(iii) Which factors could influence the success of agricultural development in both developing and developed countries?
(a) Climate change
(b) Government policies
(c) Availability of high-yielding seeds
(d) Cultural preferences
(iv) Why is intensive agriculture practiced in developing countries?
(a) To feed large population
(b) It is less water consuming
(c) To maintain soil fertility
(d) It is profitable

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
Human beings are central to economic activities and production processes as they apply their knowledge, skills, and decision-making abilities to create value in economic activities. For example, a police officer maintains law and order, a scientist discovers new technologies, a chef brings new recipes together, and so on. This is possible when workers possess the required knowledge, skills and have a healthy body and mind to perform good quality work. All these traits together comprise human capital, which depends on many things. Let’s learn more about them.
Q.1. How does human beings contribute to the production?
Q.2. When does the production process become efficient?
Q.3. How does a police officer contribute to society?
Q.4. Mention two prime traits of human capital.