Read the passage given below and answer the following questions: … - Vidyadip

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Read the passage given below and answer the following questions: A compound (X) containing C, H and O is unreactive towards sodium. It also does not react with Schiff s reagent. On refluxing with an excess of hydroiodic acid, (X) yields only one organic product ( Y). On hydrolysis, (Y) yields a new compound (Z) which can be converted into (Y) by reaction with red phosphorus and iodine. The compound (Z) on oxidation with potassium permanganate gives a carboxylic acid. The equivalent weight of this acid is 60. The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:

The compound (X) is an:

Acid.
Aldehyde.
Alcohol.
Ether.

The IUPAC name of the acid formed is:

Methanoic acid.
Ethanoic acid.
Propanoic acid.
Butanoic acid.

Compound (Y) is:

Ethyl iodide.
Methyl iodide.
Propyl iodide.
Mixture of (a) and (b).

Compound (Z) is:

Methanol.
Ethanol.
Propanol.
Butanol.

Compound (X) on treatment with excess of $Cl_2$ in presence of tight gives:

$\propto-$ Chlorodiethyl ether.
$\propto,\propto'-$ Dichlorodiethyl ether.
Perchlorodiethyl ether.
None of these.

✓

Answer

(d) Ether.

Explanation:
Since the compound X is unreactive towards sodium so it is neither an acid nor an alcohol. Since the compound X is unreactive towards Schiff's base so it is not an aldehyde.
The compound X forms only one product on reaction with excess HI, indicates that the compound X may be ether.

(b) Ethanoic acid.

Explanation:
The reactions can be written as:

Since the equivalent weight of carboxylic acid is 60. So, it must be $CH_3COOH$ i.e., ethanoic acid.

(a) Ethyl iodide.

Explanation:
The alcohol Z in that case should be $C_2H_5OH$ and the compound Y should be ethyl iodide. X is therefore diethyl ether $(C_2H_5 — O — C_2H_5)$

(b) Ethanol.
(c) Perchlorodiethyl ether.

Explanation:
In the presence of light and excess of chlorine, all the hydrogen atoms of diethyl ether are substituted to give perchlorodiethyl ether.
$\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2-\text{O}-\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3+10\text{Cl}_2\xrightarrow{\text{hu}}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{(excess)}$
$\text{CCl}_3\text{CC}_2-\text{O}-\text{CCl}_2-\text{CCl}_3+\text{10HCI}\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Perchlorodierhyl ether }$

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The transition elements have incompletely filled d-subshells in their ground state or in any of their oxidation states. The transition elements occupy position in betweens- and p-blocks in groups $3-12$ of the Periodic table. Starting from fourth period, transition elements consists of four complete series : Sc to $Zn, Y$ to Cd and La, $Hf$ to $Hg$ and $Ac, Rf$ to $Cn$. In general, the electronic configuration of outer orbitals of these elements is $(n - 1)d^{1-10} n^{1-2}$. The electronic configurations of outer orbitals of $Zn, Cd, Hg$ and $Cn$ are represented by the general formula $(n - 1)d^{10}ns^2$. All the transition elements have typical metallic properties such as high tensile strength, ductility, malleability. Except mercury, which is liquid at room temperature, other transition elements have typical metallic structures. The transition metals and their compounds also exhibit catalytic property and paramagnetic behaviour. Transition metal also forms alloys. An alloy is a blend of metals prepared by mixing the components. Alloys may be homogeneous solid solutions in which the atoms of one metal are distributed randomly among the atoms of the other.
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:

Which of the following characteristics of transition metals is associated with higher catalytic activity?

High enthalpy of atomisation.
Variable oxidation states.
Paramagnetic behaviour.
Colour of hydrated ions.

Transition elements form alloys easily because they have.

Same atomic number.
Same electronic configuration.
Nearly same atomic size.
Same oxidation states.

The electronic configuration of tantalum $(Ta)$ is:

$[Xe]4f^05d^16s^2$
$[Xe]4f^{14}5d^26s^2$
$[Xe]4f^{14}5d^36s^2$
$[Xe]4f^{14}5d^46s^2$

Which one of the following outer orbital configurations may exhibit the largest number of oxidation states?

$3d^54s^1$
$3d^54s^2$
$3d^24s^2$
$3d^34s^2$

The correct statement(s) among the following is/ are:

All d and f-block elements are metals.
All d and f-block elements form coloured ions.
All d and f-block elements are paramagnetic.

$(I)$ only
$(I)$ and $(II)$ only
$(II)$ and $(III)$ only
$(I), (II)$ and $(III)$

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
Ligands are atoms or ions which can donate electrons to the central atoms. Ligands can be monodentate, bidentate or polydentate as well. Few ligands can coordinate with the central atom through more than one site, these are called ambidentate ligands. When a di- or polydentate ligand uses its two or more donor atoms to bind a single metal ion, it is said to be a chelating ligand.
In these questions (Q. No. i-iv), a statement of assertion followed by a statement ofreason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.

Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:

Assertion: Glycinate ion is an example of monodentate ligand.

Reason: Glycinate contains $N$ and $O$ as donor atoms.

Assertion: EDTA forms complex with divalent metals of 3d-series in the ratio of $1 : 1.$

Reason: EDTA has $4 - COOH$ groups.

Assertion: Oxalate ion is a bidentate ligan.

Reason: Oxalate ion has two donor atoms.

Assertion: A chelating ligand must possess two or more lone pairs at such a distance that it may form suitable strain free $5$ and $6$ membered rings with the metal ion.

Reason: $H_2N - NH_2$ is a chelating ligand.

Assertion: In Zeise's salt coordination number of Pt is five.

Reason: Ethene is a monodentate ligand.

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
Interhalogen compounds are formed when halogen group elements react with each other. These are the compounds which consist of two or more different elements of group$-17$. A halogen with large size and low electronegativity reacts with an element of group$-17$ with small size and high electronegativity. As the ratio of radius of larger and smaller halogen increases, the number of atoms in a molecule also increases.
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:

The stability of interhalogen compounds follows the order.

$IF_3 > BrF_3 > CIF_3$
$CIF_3 > BrF_3 > IF_3$
$BrF_3 > IF_3 > CIF_3$
$CIF_3 > IF_3 > BrF_3$

Identify the correct match from the following.

$[ICI_2]^- - $ bent.
$IF_7 $- pentagonal bipyramidal.
$CIF_3 $- trigonal planar.
$[BrF_4]^-$ - square pyramidal.

In $XA_5$, the central atom has $($both $X$ and $A$ are halogens$).$

$5$ bond pairs and no lone pairs.
$5$ bond pairs and one lone pair.
$6$ bond pairs and no lone pairs.
$4$ bond pairs and one lone pair.

In the known interbalogen compounds, the maximum number of atoms are,

$4$
$5$
$8$
$7$

Which of the following is not the characteristic of interhalogen compounds.

They are more reactive than halogens.
They are quite unstable but none of them is explosive.
They are covalent in nature.
They have low boiling points and are highly volatile.

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
Werner, a Swiss chemist in $1892$ prepared and characterised a large number of coordination compounds and studied their physical and chemical behaviour. He proposed that, in coordination compounds, metals possess two types of valencies, viz. primary valencies, which are normally ionisable and secondary valencies which are non-ionisable. ln a series of compounds of cobalt (III) chloride with ammonia, it was found that some of the chloride ions could be precipitated as $AgCl$ on adding excess of $AgNO_3$ solution in cold, but some remained in solution. The number ofions furnished by a complex in a solution can be determined by precipitation reactions. The measurement of molar conductance of solutions of coordination compounds helps to estimate the number of ions furnished by the compound in solution.
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Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:

Assertion: The complex $[Co(NH_3)_3Cl_3]$ does not give precipitate with silver nitrate solution.

Reason: The given complex is non-ionisable.

Assertion: The complex $[Co(NH_3)_4Cl_2]Cl$ gives precipitate corresponding to 2 mol of AgCl with $AgNO_3$ solution.

Reason: It ionises as $[Co(NH_3)_4Cl_2]^+ + Cl^-.$

Assertion: $CoCl_3. 4NH_3$ gives 1 mol of AgCl on reacting with $AgNO_3$, its secondary valency is 6.

Reason: Secondary valency corresponds to coordination number.

Assertion: 1 mol of $[CrCl_2(H_2O)_4]Cl· 2H_2O$ will give 1 mol of AgCl on treating with $AgNO_3$.

Reason: $Cl^-$ ions satisfying secondary valanceis will not be precipitated.

Assertion: $CoCl_3. 3NH_3$ is not conducting while $CoCl_3. 5NH_3$ is conducting.

Reason: The complex of $CoCl_3. 3NH_3$ is $[CoCl_3(NH_3)_3]$ while that of $CoCl_3· 5NH_3$ is $[CoCl(NH_3)_5]Cl_3$.

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
When haloalkanes with $\beta-$hydrogen atom are boiled with alcoholic solution of KOH, they undergo elimination of hydrogen halide resulting in the formation of alkenes. These reactions are called $\beta-$elimination reactions or dehydrohalogenation reactions. These reactions follow Saytzeff's rule. Substitution and elimination reactions often compete with each other. Mostly bases behave as nucleophiles and therefore can engage in substitution or elimination reactions depending upon the alkyl halide and the reaction conditions.
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:

Among the following the most reactive towards alcoholic $KOH$ is:

$CH_2 = CHBr$
$CH_3COCH_2CH_2Br$
$CH_3CH2Br$
$CH_3CH_2CH_2Br$

The general reaction, $\text{R}-\text{X}\xrightarrow{\text{aq.OH}^-}\text{ROH}+\text{X}^-,$ is expected to follow decreasing order of reactivity as in:

$t-BuI> t-BuBr > t-BuCI > t-BuF$
$t-BuF > t-BuCI > t-BuBr > t-BuI$
$t-BuBr > t-BuCI >t-BuI> t-BuF$
$t-BuF > t-BuCI > t-BuI > t-BuBr$

Reaction of t-butyl bromide with sodium methoxide produces:

Sodium t-butoxide.
t-butyl methyl ether.
Iso-butane.
Iso-butylene.

In the elimination reactions, the reactivity of alkyl halides follows the sequence:

$R - F > R - CI > R - Br > R - I$
$R - I > R - Br > R - Cl > R - F$
$R - I > R - F > R - Br > R - CI$
$R - F > R - I > R - Br > R - CI$

The ease of dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halide with alcoholic $KOH$ is:

$3^\circ < 2^\circ < 1^\circ$
$3^\circ > 2^\circ > 1^\circ$
$3^\circ < 2^\circ > 1^\circ$
$3^\circ > 2^\circ < 1^\circ$

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
At the freezing point of a solvent, the solid and the liquid are in equilibrium. Therefore, a solution will freeze when its vapour pressure becomes equal to the vapour pressure of the pure solid solvent. It has been observed that when a non-volatile solute is added to a solvent, the freezing point of the solution is always lower than that of the pure solvent. Depression in freezing point can be given as, $\Delta\text{T}_\text{f}=\text{K}_\text{f}\text{m}$ Where, $K_f =$ Molal freezing point depression constant or we can write, $\Delta\text{T}_\text{f}=\frac{\text{K}_\text{f}\times\text{W}_\text{B}\times1000}{\text{W}_A\times\text{M}_\text{B}}$
a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.

Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

Assertion: $0.1M$ solution of glucose has same depression in the freezing point as $0.1M$ solution of urea.

Reason: $K_f $ for both has same value.

Assertion: Increasing pressure on pure water decreases its freezing point.

Reason: Density of water is maximum at $273K.$

Assertion: Larger the value of cryoscopic constant of the solvent, lesser will be the freezing point of the solution.

Reason: Extent of depression in the freezing point depends on the nature of the solvent.

Assertion: The water pouch of instant cold pack for treating athletic injuries breaks when squeezed and NH4N03 dissolves thus lowering the temperature.

Reason: Addition of non-volatile solute into solvent results into depression of freezing point of solvent.

Assertion: If a non-volatile solute is mixed in a solution then elevation in boiling point and depression in freezing point both wiII be same.

Reason: Elevation in boiling point and depression in freezing point both depend on number of particles of solute.

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
$RCONH_2$ is converted into $RNH_2$ by means of Hoffmann bromamide degradation. During the reaction amide is treated with $Br_2$ and alkali to get amine. This reaction is used to descend the series in which carbon atom is removed as carbonate ion $(\text{CO}^{2-}_3)$ Hoffmann bromide degradation reaction can be written as:

The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:

Hoffmann bromamide degradation is used for the preparation of

Primary amines.
Secondary amines.
Tertiary amines.
Secondary aromatic amines.

Which is the rate determining step in Hoffmann bromamide degradation?

Formation of (i)
Formation of (ii)
Formation of (iii)
Formation of (iv).

Which of the following are used for the conversion of (i) to (ii)?

$KBr$
$KBr + CH_3ONa$
$KBr + KOH$
$Br_2 + KOH$

Identify Bin the following reaction.

$\text{R}-\text{C}\equiv\text{N}\xrightarrow[\text{(Partially hydrolysis) }]{\text{Cone. HCI}}\text{A}\xrightarrow{\frac{\text{Br}_2}{\text{KOH}}}\text{B}$

$RCONH_2$
$RNH_2$
$RNHBr$
$R = N = C = O$

What are the constituent amines formed when the mixture of (i) and (ii) undergoes Hoffmann bromamide degradation?

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
Haloarenes are less reactive than haloalkanes. The low reactivity of haloarenes can be attributed to:

Resonance effect.
$sp^2$ hybridisation of C - X bond.
Polarity of C - X bond
Instability of phenyl cation (formed by self-ionisation of haloarene).
Repulsion between the electron rich attacking nucleophiles and electron rich arenes.

Reactivity of haloarenes can be increased or decreased by the presence of certain groups at certain positions for example, nitro ($-NO_{^2}$) group at o/ p positions increases the reactivity of haloarenes towards nucleophilc substitution reactions.
The following questions are multiple choice questions Choose the most appropriate answer:

Aryl halides are less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction as compared to alkyl halides due to

The formation of less stable carbonium ion.
Resonance stabilisation.
Larger carbon-halogen bond.
Inductive effect.

Which of the following aryl halides is the most reactive towards nucleophilic substitution?

Which one of the following will react fastest with aqueous $NaOH$?

Which chloro derivative of benzene among the followings would undergo hydrolysis most readily with aqueous sodium hydroxide to furnish the corresponding hydroxy derivative?

$C_6H_5Cl$

The reactivity of the compounds (i) $MeBr$, (ii) $PhCH_2Br$, (iii) $MeCI$, (iv) $p-MeOC_6H_4Br$ decreases as:

(i) > (ii) > (iii) > (iv)
(iv) > (ii) > (i) > (iii)
(iv) > (iii) > (i) > (ii)
(ii) > (i) > (iii) > (iv)

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
(A), (B) and (C) are three non-cyclic functional isomers of a carbonyl compound with molecular formula $C_4H_8O$. Isomers (A) and (C) give positive Tollen's test whereas isomer (B) does not give Tollen's test but gives positive iodoform test. Isomers (A) and (B) on reduction with $\frac{\text{Zn(Hg)}}{\text{conc.}}.$ HCl give the same product (D).
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:

Compound A is:

$\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}-\text{CHO}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3$
$\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CHO}$
$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{O}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ||\\\text{CH}_3-\text{C}-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_3$
None of these.

Compound (C) is:

Iso-butyraldehyde
Butyraldehyde
Crotonaldehyde
Acrolein

Compound (B) can be obtained by:

$\text{CH}_3-\text{C}\equiv\text{C}-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_3\xrightarrow[333\text{K}]{\text{dil.H}_2\text{SO}_4+\text{HgSO}_4}$
$(\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{COO})_2\text{Ca}\xrightarrow{\text{Dry distill}}$
$\text{CH}_3-\text{C}\equiv\text{C}-\text{CH}_3\xrightarrow[\frac{\text{H}_2\text{O}_2}{\text{NaOH}}]{\frac{\text{B}_2\text{H}_6}{\text{THF}}}$
$\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}=\text{CH}-\text{CH}_3\xrightarrow[\frac{\text{ZN}}{\text{H}_2\text{O}}]{\text{O}_3}$

Out of (A), (B) and ( C) isomers, which one is least reactive towards addition of HCN?

A
B
C
All are equally reactive.

What will be the product when (B) reacts with ethylene glycol in presence of HCl gas?

None of these.

Molar conductivity of ions are given as product of charge on ions to their ionic mobilities and Faradays constant.
$\lambda_\text{A}\text{n}+=\text{n}\mu_\text{A}\text{n}+\text{F}$ (here $\mu$ is the ionic mobility of $A^{n+})$
For electrolytes say $A_xB_y,$ molar conductivity is given by
$\lambda_{\text{m}(\text{A}_\text{x}\text{B}_\text{y})}=\text{x}_\text{n}\mu_{\text{A}^\text{n}}+\text{F}+\text{y}_\text{m}\lambda_{\text{A}^\text{m}}-\text{F}$

Ions	Ionic mobility
$K^+$	$7.616 \times 10^{-4}$
$Ca^{2+}$	$12.33 \times 10^{-4}$
$Br^-$	$8.09 \times 10^{-4}$
$\text{SO}_{4}^{2-}$	$16.58 \times 10^{-4}$

The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:

At infinite dilution, the equivalent conductance of $CaSO_4$ is:

$256 \times 10^{-4}$
$279$
$23.7$
$2.0 \times 10^{-8}$

If the degree of dissociation of $CaSO_4$ solution is $10\%$ then equivalent conductance of $CaSO_4$ is:

$3.59$
$36.9$
$27.9$
$30.6$

The correct order of equivalent conductance at infinite dilution of LiCl, NaCl, KCl is:

$LiCl = NaCl = KCl$
$LiCl > NaCl > KCl$
$KCl > LiCl > NaCl$
$KCl > NaCl > LiCl$

What is the unit of equivalent conductivity?

$ohm^{-1}\ cm^2\ eq^{-1}$
$ohm\ cm^2\ eq-1$
$ohm^{-1}\ cm\ eq^{-1}$
$ohm\ cm^{-2}\ eq^{-2}$

If the molar conductance value of $Ca^{2+}$ and $Cl^-$ at infinite dilution are $118.88 \times 10^{-4}m^2$ mho $mol^{-1}$ and $77.33 \times 10^{-4}m^2$ mho $mol^{-1}$ respectively then the molar conductance of $CaCl_2 ($in $m^2$ mho $mol^{-1})$ will be:

$120.18 \times 10^{-4}$
$135 \times 10^{-4}$
$273.54 \times 10^{-4}$
$192.1 \times 10^{-4}$