Question
Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
Under the normal conditions, noble gases are monoatomic and have closed shell electronic configuration. Lighter noble gases have low boiling points due to weak dispersion forces between the atoms and the absence of other interatomic interactions. Xenon, one of the important noble gas, forms a series of compounds with fluorine with oxidation number $+2, +4$ and $+6.$ All xenon fluorides are strong oxidising agents. $XeF_4$ reacts violently with water to give $XeO_3.$ The geometry of xenon compounds can be deduced by considering the total number of electron pairs in their valence shell.
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
  1. Among noble gases (from He to Xe) only xenon reacts with fluorine to form stable xenon fluorides because xenon.
  1. Has the largest size.
  2. Has the lowest ionisation enthalpy.
  3. Has the highest heat ofvapourisation.
  4. Is the most readily available noble gas.
  1. The structure of $XeO_3$ is:
  1. Square planar.
  2. Pyramidal.
  3. Linear.
  4. T-shaped.
  1. $XeF_6$ is expected to be.
  1. Oxidising agent.
  2. Reducing agent.
  3. Unreactive.
  4. Strongly basic.
  1. In the preparation of compound of xenon, Bartlett had taken $\text{O}_2^+\text{PtF}_6^-$ as a base compound. This is because,
  1. Both $O_2$ and $Xe$ have same size.
  2. Both $Xe$ and $O_2$ have same electron gain enthalpy.
  3. Both have almost same ionisation enthalpy.
  4. Both $Xe$ and $O_2$ are gases.
  1. The oxidation state of xenon in $XeO_3$ is:
  1. $+4$
  2. $+2$
  3. $+8$
  4. $+6$

Answer

  1. (b) Has the lowest ionisation enthalpy.
  2. (b) Pyramidal.
Explanation:

  1. (a) Oxidising agent.
Explanation:

All xenon fluorides are strong oxidising agents.

$XeF_6 + H_2O \rightarrow XeO_3 + 6HF$
  1. (c) Both have almost same ionisation enthalpy.
  2. (d) $+6$
Explanation:

$XeO_3 \Rightarrow x + (-2) \times 3 = 0 \Rightarrow x = +6$

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Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
Pentose and hexose undergo intramolecular hemiacetal or hemiketal formation due to combination of the –OH group with the carbonyl group. The actual structure is either of five or six membered ring containing an oxygen atom. In the free state all pentoses and hexoses exist in pyranose form (resembling pyran). However,inthe combined state some of them exist as five membered cyclic structures, called furanose (resembling furan).

The cyclic structure of glucose is represented by Haworth structure:

$\alpha$ and $\beta$ D-glucose have different configuration at anomeric (C-1) carbon atom, hence are called anomers and the C-1 carbon atom is called anomeric carbon (glycosidic carbon).
The six membered cyclic structure of glucose is called pyranose structure.
The following questionsare multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
  1. $\alpha$ D(+)-glucose and $\beta$ D(+)glucose are:
  1. Enantiomers.
  2. Conformers.
  3. Epimers.
  4. Anomers.
  1. The following carbohydrate is:
  1. A ketohexose.
  2. An aldohexose.
  3. An n-furanose.
  4. An $\alpha$-pyranose.
  1. In the following structure, anomeric carbon is:
  1. C-1
  2. C-2
  3. C-3
  4. C-4
  1. The term anomers of glucose refers to:
  1. Isomers of glucose that differ in configurations at carbons one and four (C-1 and C-4).
  2. A mixture of (D)-glucose and (L)-glucose.
  3. Enantiomers of glucose.
  4. Isomers of glucose that differ in configuration at carbon one (C-1).
  1. What percentage of $\beta$-D-(+) glucopyranose is found at equilibrium in the aqueous solution?
  1. 50%
  2. $\approx100%$
  3. 36%
  4. 64%
Write detailed note on: Starch
Read the passage given below and answer the following questions: Aniline activates the benzene ring by increasing electron density at ortho- and para-positions. Hence, it is o-, p-directing. -NH2 group strongly activates the ring therefore it is difficult to stop the reaction at monosubstitution stage. Among electrophilic substitution reaction, direct nitration of aniline is not done to get o- and p-nitroaniline because lone pair of electrons present at nitrogen atom will accept proton from nitrating mixture to give anilinium ion which is meta-directing. Aniline with $NaNO_2$ and HCI forms benzene diazonium chloride at very low temperature. Aromatic amines react with nitrous acid to form a yellow oily liquid known as N-nitrosoamines. A statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
  1. Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
  2. Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
  3. Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
  4. Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
  1. Assertion: Nitrating mixture used for carrying out nitration of benzene consists of cone. $HNO_3$ + cone. $H_2SO_4$.
Reason: In presence of $H_2SO_4, HNO_3$ acts as a base and produces $\text{NO}^+_2$ ions.
  1. Assertion: Anilinium chloride is more acidic than ammonium chloride.
Reason: Anilinium ion is not resonance-stabilised.
  1. Assertion: Nitrobenzene can be prepared from benzene by using mixture of cone. $HNO_3$ and cone. $H_2SO_4$.
Reason: In the mixture, $H_2SO_4$ act as a acid.
  1. Assertion: In strongly acidic solution, aniline becomes less reactive towards electrophilic reagents.
Reason: The amino group being completely protonated in strongly acidic solution, the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen is no longer available for resonance.
  1. Assertion: Nitration of aniline can be done conveniently by protecting $-NH_2$ group through acetylation.
Reason: Acetylation of aniline results in the increase of electron density in the benzene ring.
Read the passage given below and answer the following questions :
When an aldehyde with no a-hydrogen reacts with concentrated aqueous $NaOH$, half the aldehyde is converted to carboxylic acid salt and other half is converted to an alcohol. In other words, half of the reactant is oxidized
and other half is reduced. This reaction is known as Cannizzaro reaction

The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
  1. A mixture of benzaldehyde and formaldehyde on heating with aqueous $NaOH$ solution gives:
  1. Benzyl alcohol and sodium formate.
  2. Sodium benzoate and methyl alcohol.
  3. Sodium benzoate and sodium formate.
  4. Benzyl alcohol and methyl alcohol.
  1. Which of the following compounds will undergo Cannizzaro reaction?
  1. $CH_3CHO$
  2. $CH_3COCH_3$
  3. $C_6H_5CHO$
  4. $C_6H_5CH_2CHO$
  1. Trichloroacetaldehyde is subjected to Cannizzaro's reaction by using $NaOH$. The mixture of the products contains sodium trichloroacetate ion and another compound. The other compounds is:
  1. 2, 2, 2-trichloroethanol
  2. Trichloromethanol
  3. 2, 2, 2-trichloropropanol
  4. Chloroform
  1. Which of the following reaction will not result in the formation of carbon-carbon bonds?
  1. Cannizzaro reaction
  2. Wurtz reaction
  3. Reimer- Tiemann reaction
  4. Friedel - Crafts acylation
What change in the concentration of H₂ will triple the rate of reaction?
(c). Suppose a reaction between A and B, was experimentally found to be first order with respect to both A and B. So the rate equation is:
Rate = k[A][B]
Which of these two mechanisms is consistent with this experimental finding? Why?
Mechanism 1
A → C + D (slow)
B+C → E (fast)
Mechanism 2
A+B →C + D (slow)
C → E (fast)
In these questions, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
Assertion: Colloidal particles show Brownian movement.
Reason: Brownian movement arises because of the impact of the molecules of the dispersion medium with the colloidal particles.
Read the passage given below and answer the following questions: Amines are alkyl or aryl derivatives of ammonia formed by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms. Alkyl derivatives are called aliphatic amines and aryl derivatives are known as aromatic amines. The presence of aromatic amines can be identified by performing dye test. Aniline is the simplest example of aromatic amine. It undergoeselectrophilic substitution reactions in which $-NH_2$ group strongly activates the aromatic ring through delocalisation of lone pair of electrons of N-atom. Aniline undergoes electrophilic substitution reactions. Ortho and para positions to the $-NH_2$ group become centres of high electrons density. Thus, $-NH_2$ group is ortho and para-directing and powerful activating group. The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
  1. Cyclohexylamine and aniline can be distinguished by:
  1. Hinsberg test.
  2. carbylamine test.
  3. Lassaigne test.
  4. azo dye test.
  1. Which of the following compounds gives dye test?
  1. Aniline.
  2. Methyl amine.
  3. Diphenyl amine.
  4. Ethyl amine.
  1. Aniline when acetylated, the major product on nitration followed by alkaline hydrolysis gives:
  1. Acetanilide.
  2. o-nitroacetanitide.
  3. p-nitroaniline.
  4. m-nitroanitine.
  1. Oxidation of aniline with manganese dioxide and sulphuric acid produces:
  1. Phenylhydroxylamine.
  2. Nitrobenzene.
  3. p-benzoquinone.
  4. Phenol.
  1. Aniline when treated with cone. $HNO_3$ and $H_2S0_4$ gives:
  1. p-phenylenediamine.
  2. m-nitroaniline.
  3. p-benzoquinone.
  4. Nitrobenzene.
Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
In an ideal crystal, there must be regular repeating arrangement of the constituting particles and its entropy must be zero at absolute zero temperature. However, it is impossible to obtain an ideal crystal, and it suffers from certain defects called imperfections. In pure crystal, these defects arises either due to disorder or dislocation of the constituting particles from their normal positions or due to the movement of the particles even at absolute zero temperature. Such defects increase with rise in temperature. In addition to this, certain defects arise due to the presence of some impurities. Such defects not only modify the existing properties of the crystalline solids, but also impart certain new characteristics to them.
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
  1. $AgCl$ is crystallized from molten $AgCl$ containing a little $CdCl_2$ The solid obtained will have.
  1. Cationic vacancies equal to number of $Cd^{2+}$ ions incorporated.
  2. Cationic vacancies equal to double the number of $Cd^{2+}$ ions.
  3. Anionic vacancies.
  4. Neither cationic nor anionic vacancies.
  1. Lattice defect per $10^{15}$ $NaCl$ is $1$. What is the number of lattice defects in a mole of $NaCl?$
  1. $6.02 \times 10^{23}$
  2. $6.02 x 10^8$
  3. $10^{14}$
  4. None of these
  1. The ionic substances in which the cation and anion are of almost similar size shows.
  1. Non-stoichiometric defect
  2. Schottky defect
  3. Frenkel defect
  4. All of these.
  1. If $Al^{3+}$ ions replace $Na^+$ ions at the edge centres of $NaCl$ lattice, then the number of vacancies in $1$ mole of $NaCl$ will be.
  1. $3.01 \times 10^{23}$
  2. $6.02 \times 10^{23}$
  3. $9.03 \times 10^{23}$
  4. $12.04 \times 10^{23}$
  1. Which of the following gives both Frenkel and Schottky defect?
  1. $AgCl$
  2. $CsCl$
  3. $KCl$
  4. $AgBr$
Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
A primary alkyl halide (A) $C_4H_9Br$ reacted with akoholic KOH to give compound (B). Compound (B) is reacted with HBr to give compound (C) which is an isomer of (A). When (A) reacted with sodium metal, it gave a compound (D) $C_8H_{18}$ that is different than the compound obtained when n-butyl bromide reacted with sodium metal.
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
  1. Compound (A) is:
  1. $CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_2Br$
  2. $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}-\text{CH}_2\text{Br}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3$
  3. $\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{CH}_3-\text{C}-\text{Br} \\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3$
  4. $CH_3CH_2CH_2Br$
  1. Which type of isomerism is present in compound (A) and (C)?
  1. Positional
  2. Functional
  3. Chain
  4. Both (a) and (c)
  1. Identify compound (B).
  1. $\text{CH}_3-\text{C}=\text{CH}_2 \ \ \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \mid \\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3$
  2. $CH_3– CH = CH – CH_3$
  3. $CH_3– CH_2 – CH = CH_2$
  4. None of these.
  1. IUPAC name of compound (D) is:
  1. N - octane
  2. 2, 5 - dimethylhexane
  3. 2 - methylheptane
  4. 3, 4 - dimethyl hexane.
  1. When compoound (C) is treated with ale. KOH and then treated with presence of peroxide, the compound obtained is:
  1. $\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{CH}_3-\text{C}-\text{Br} \\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3$
  2. $\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}-\text{CH}_2-\text{Br}$
  3. $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{Br}$
  4. $$$\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}-\text{Br}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{CH}_3$
Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
Consider the given sequence of reactions:

The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
  1. Identify W.
  1. Compound Y is:
  1. When X reacts with $CH_3COCl$ in presence of anhy. $AlCl_3$, the reaction is known as:
  1. Fittig reaction.
  2. Ullmann reaction.
  3. Wurtz-Fittig reaction.
  4. Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction.
  1. When X is treated Ni-Al/ NaOH the product obtained is:
  1. Benzene.
  2. Phenol.
  3. P-chlorophenol.
  4. Triphenyl.
  1. Compound Z is:
  1. Phenol.
  2. P-chlorophenol.
  3. P-nitrophenol.
  4. Nitrobenzene.