Question
Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
When a protein in its native form, is subjected to physical changes like change in temperature or chemical changes like change in pH, the hydrogen bonds are disturbed. Due to this, globules unfold and helix get uncoiled and protein loses its biological activity. This is called denaturation of protein.
The denaturation causes change in secondary and tertiary structures but primary structures remains intact. Examples of denaturation of protein are coagulation of egg white on boiling, curdling of milk, formation of cheese when an acid is added to milk.
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
  1. Mark the wrong statement about denaturation of proteins.
  1. The primary structure of the protein does not change.
  2. Globular proteins are converted into fibrous proteins.
  3. Fibrous proteins are converted into globular proteins.
  4. The biological activity of the protein is destroyed.
  1. Which structure(s) of proteins remains(s) intact during denaturation process?
  1. Both secondary and tertiary structures.
  2. Primary structure only.
  3. Secondary structure only.
  4. Tertiary structure only.
  1. $\alpha$-helix and $\beta$-pleated structures of proteins are classified as:
  1. Primary structure.
  2. Secondary structure.
  3. Tertiary structure.
  4. Quaternary structure.
  1. Cheese is a:
  1. Globular protein.
  2. Conjugated protein.
  3. Denatured protein.
  4. Derived protein.
  1. Secondary structure of protein refers to:
  1. Mainly denatured proteins and structure of prosthetic groups.
  2. Three-dimensional structure, especially the bond between amino acid residues that are distant from each other in the polypeptide chain.
  3. Linear sequence of amino acid residues in the polypeptide chain.
  4. Regular folding patterns of continuous portions of the polypeptide chain.

Answer

  1. (c) Fibrous proteins are converted into globular proteins.
  1. (b) Primary structure only.
  1. (b) Secondary structure.
  1. (c) Denatured protein.
Explanation:

Cheese is a denatured protein.
  1. (d) Regular folding patterns of continuous portions of the polypeptide chain.

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Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
Due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding, the boiling points of alcohols and phenols are much higher than those of corresponding haloalkanes, haloarenes, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Among isomeric alcohols, the boiling points follow the order: primary > secondary > tertiary. Boiling points of ethers are much lower than those of isomeric alcohols. The solubility of alcohols in water decreases as the molecular mass of alcohols increases. Amongst isomeric alcohols solubility increases with branching. The solubility of phenols in water is much lower than that of alcohols. Lower ethers such as dimethyl ether and ethyl methyl ether are soluble in water, but the solubility decreases as the molecular mass increases.
In these questions (Q. No. i-iv), a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
  1. Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
  2. Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
  3. Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
  4. Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
  1. Assertion: Alcohols have higher boiling points than ethers of comparable molecular masses.
Reason: Alcohols and ethers are isomeric in nature.
  1. Assertion: The solubility of phenols in water is much lower than that of alcohols.
Reason: Phenols do not form H-bonds with water.
  1. Assertion: Among n-butane, ethoxyethane, 1-propanol and 2-propanol, the increasing order of boiling points is, 1-butanol < 1-propanol < ethoxyethane < n-butane.
Reason: Boiling point increases with increase in molecular mass.
  1. Assertion: Dimethyl ether and diethylether are soluble in water.
Reason: As the molecular mass increases, solubility of ethers in water decreases.
  1. Assertion: Butan-2-ol has higher boiling point than 2-methylpropan-2-ol.
Reason: Amongst isomeric alcohols, the boiling points decreases with branching.
Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
Nucleophilic substitution reactions are of two types; substitution nucleophilic bimolecular $(S_N2)$ and substitution nucleophilic unimolecular $(S_N1)$ depending on molecules taking part in determining the rate of reaction. Reactivity of alkyl halide towards $S_N1$ and $S_N2$ reactions depends on various factors such as steric hindrance, stability of intermediate or transition state, and polarity of solvent. $S_N2$ reaction mechanism is favoured mostly by primary alkyl halide then secondary and then tertiary. This order is reversed in case of $S_N1$ reactions.
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
  1. Which of the following is most reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction?
  1. $C_6H_5Cl$
  2. $CH_2 = CHCl$
  3. $ClCH_2CH = CH_2$
  4. $CH_3CH = CHCl$
  1. Isopropyl chloride undergoes hydrolysis by:
  1. $S_N1$ mechanism.
  2. $S_N2$ mechanism.
  3. $S_N1$ and $S_N2$ mechanism.
  4. Neither $S_N1$ nor $S_N2$ mechanism.
  1. The most reactive nucleophile among the following is:
  1. $CH_3O^-$
  2. $C_6H_5O^-$
  3. $(CH_3)_2CHO^-$
  4. $(CH_3)_3CO^-$
  1. Tertiary alkyl halides are practically inert to substitution by $S_N2$ mechanism because of:
  1. Insolubility.
  2. Instability.
  3. Inductive effect.
  4. Stearic hindrance.
  1. Which of the following is the correct order of decreasing $S_N2$ reactivity?
  1. $RCH_2X > R_2CHX > R_3CX$
  2. $R_3CX > R_2CHX > RCH_2X$
  3. $R_2CHX > R_3CX > RCH_2X$
  4. $RCH_2X > R_3CX > R_2CHX$
In these questions, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
Assertion: There is no interface between gases.
Reason: The shape and volume of gases are not definite.

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
When a solution of an et-amino acid is placed in an electric field depending on the pH of the medium, following three cases may happen.
  1. In alkaline solution, CL-amino acids exist as anion II, and there is a net migration of amino acid towards the anode.
  2. In acidic solution, a-amino acids exist as cation III, and there is a net migration of amino acid towards the cathode.
  3. If II and III are exactly balanced there is no net migration; under such conditions any one molecule exists as a positive ion and as a negative ion for exactly the same amount of time, and any small movement in the direction of one electrode is subsequently cancelled by an equal movement back toward the other electrode. The pH of the solution in which a particular amino acid does not migrate under the influence of an electric field is called the is oelectric point of that amino acid.
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
  1.  

Arrange in order of increasing acid strengths.
  1. X > Z > Y
  2. Z < X < Y
  3. X > Y > Z
  4. Z > X > Y
  1. In aqueous solutions, amino acids mostly exist as:
  1. $NH_2 - CHR - COOH$
  2. $NH_2 - CHR - COO^-$
  3. $\stackrel{+}{\hbox{ N}}\text{H}_3\text{CHRCOOH}$
  4. $\text{H}_3\stackrel{{+}}{\hbox{N}}\text{CHRCOO}^-$
  1. Amino acids are least soluble:
  1. at pH 1
  2. at pH 7
  3. At their isoelectric points.
  4. None of these.
  1. The $\text{pK}_{\text{a}_1}$ and $\text{pK}_{\text{a}_2}$ of an amino acid are 2.3 and 9.7 respectively. The is oelectric point of the amino acid is:
  1. 12.0
  2. 7.4
  3. 6.0
  4. 3.7
  1. A tripeptide (X) on partial hydrolysis gave two dipeptides Cys-Gly and Glu-Cys. Identify the tripeptide.
  1. Glu-Cys-Gly
  2. Gly-Glu-Cys
  3. Cys-Gly-Glu
  4. Cys-Glu-Gly
Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
The phenomenon of the flow of solvent through a semipermeable membrane from pure solvent to the solution is called osmosis.
Sometimes a pressure is applied to stop the process of osmosis, this is known as osmotic pressure. It is denoted by $\pi.$ Osmotic pressure is expressed as : $\pi=\text{CRT}$
Since, osmotic pressure depends upon the molar concentration of solution, therefore it is a colligative property.
A statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
  1. Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
  2. Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
  3. Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
  4. Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
  1. Assertion: If red blood cells were removed from the body and placed in pure water, pressure inside the cells increases.
Reason: The concentration of salt content in the cells increases.
  1. Assertion: The osmotic pressure of a solution obtained by mixing 100mL of 3.4% solution of urea and 100mL of 1.6% solution of cane sugar at 293K is 7.46 bar.
Reason: The total osmotic pressure will be equal to the sum of partial osmotic pressures.
  1. Assertion: When a solution is separated from the pure solvent by a semipermeable membrane, the solvent molecules pass through it from pure solvent side to the solution side.
Reason: Diffusion of solvent occurs from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration solution.
  1. Assertion: Two solutions having same osmotic pressure at a given temperature are called isotonic solutions.
Reason: Osmotic pressure is not a colligative property.
  1. Assertion: The preservation of meat by salting and fruits by adding sugar protects against bacterial action.
Reason: A bacterium on salted meat or candid fruit loses water due to osmosis shrivels and ultimately dies.
Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
The properties of the solutions which depend only on the number of solute particles but not on the nature of the solute are called colligative properties. Relative lowering in vapour pressure is also an example of colligative properties. For an experiment, sugar solution is prepared, for which lowering in vapour pressure was found to be 0.061 mm of Hg. (Vapour pressure of water at 20° C is 17.5 mm of Hg)
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
  1. Relative lowering of vapour pressure for the given solution is.
  1. 0.00348
  2. 0.061
  3. 0.122
  4. 1.75
  1. The vapour pressure (mm of Hg) of solution will be.
  1. 17.5
  2. 0.61
  3. 17.439
  4. 0.00348
  1. Mole fraction of sugar in the solution is.
  1. 0.00348
  2. 0.9965
  3. 0.061
  4. 1.75
  1. If weight of sugar taken is 5g in 108g of water, then molar mass of sugar will be.
  1. 358
  2. 120
  3. 240
  4. 400
  1. The vapour pressure (mm of Hg) of water at 293K when 25g of glucose is dissolved in 450g of water is.
  1. 17.2
  2. 17.4
  3. 17.120
  4. 17.02
Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
Ozone is an unstable, dark blue diamagnetic gas. It absorbs the UV radiation strongly, thus protecting the people on earth from the harmful UV-radiation from the sun. The use of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) in aerosol and refrigerators and their subsequent escape into the atmosphere, is blamed for making holes in the ozone layer over the Antarctica. Ozone acts as a strong oxidising agent in acidic and alkaline medium. for this property, ozone is used as a germicide and disinfectant for sterilizing water. It is also used in laboratory for the ozonolysis of organic compounds and in industry for the manufacture of potassium permanganate, artificial silk, etc.
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
  1. Which of the following statements is not correct for ozone?
  1. lt oxidises lead sulphide.
  2. It oxidises potassium iodide.
  3. It oxidises mercury.
  4. It cannot act as bleaching agent in dry state.
  1. Ozone gives carbonyl compounds with.
  1. Alkyl chloride
  2. Alkanes
  3. Alkenes followed by decomposition with $\frac{\text{Zn}}{\text{H}_2\text{O}}.$
  4. Alcohols followed by decomposition with $\frac{\text{Zn}}{\text{H}_2\text{O}}.$
  1. Ozone reacts with moist iodine gives.
  1. $HI$
  2. $HIO_3$
  3. $I_2O_5$
  4. $I_2O_4$
  1. Ozone acts as an oxidising agent due to.
  1. Iiberation of nascent oxygen.
  2. Iiberation of nascent oxygen.
  3. Both $(a)$ and $(b).$
  4. Both $(a)$ and $(b).$
  1. The colour of ozone molecule is:
  1. White.
  2. Blue.
  3. Pale green.
  4. Pale yellow.
Dependence of the rate of reaction on the concentration of reactants, temperature, and other factors is the most general method for weeding out unsuitable reaction mechanisms. The term mechanism means all the individual collisional or elementary processes involving molecules $($atoms, radicals, and ions included$)$ that take place simultaneously or consecutively to produce the observed overall reaction. For example, when hydrogen gas reacts with bromine, the rate of the reaction was found to be proportional to the concentration of $H_2$ and to the square root of the concentration of $Br_2.$ Furthermore, the rate was inhibited by increasing the concentration of $HBr$ as the reaction proceeded. These observations are not consistent with a mechanism involving bimolecular collisions of a single molecule of each kind. The currently accepted mechanism is considerably more complicated, involving the dissociation of bromine molecules into atoms followed by reactions between atoms and molecules: It is clear from this example that the mechanism cannot be predicted from the overall stoichiometry. $($source: Moore, $J. W.,$ Pearson, $R. G. (1981).$ Kinetics and mechanism. John Wiley Sons.$)$
$(a).$ Predict the expression for the rate of reaction and order for the following:
$H_2 + Br_2 \rightarrow 2 HBr$
What are the units of rate constant for the above reaction?
$(b).$ How will the rate of reaction be affected if the concentration of $Br_2$ is tripled?
Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
Transition metal oxides are compounds fanned by the reaction of metals with oxygen at high temperature. The highest oxidation number in the oxides coincides with the group number. In vanadium, there is a gradual change from the basic $V_2O_3$ to less basic $V_2O_4$ and to amphoteric $V_2O_5· V_2O_4$ dissolves in acids to give $VO^{2+}$ salts. Transition metal oxides are commonly utilized for their catalytic activity and semi conductive properties. Transition metal oxides are also frequently used as pigments in paints and plastic. Most notably titatnium dioxide. One of the earliest application of transition metal oxides to chemical industry involved the use of vanadium oxide for catalytic oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulphuric acid. Since then, many other applications have emerged, which include benzene oxidation to maleic anhydride on vandium oxides; cyclohexane oxidation to adipic acid on cobalt oxides. An important property of the catalyst material used in these processes is the ability of transition metals to change their oxidation state under a given chemical potential of reductants and oxidants.
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
  1. Which oxide of vanadium is most likely to be basic and ionic?
  1. $VO$
  2. $V_2O_3$
  3. $VO_2$
  4. $V_2O_5$
  1. Vanadyl ion is:
  1. $\text{VO}^{2+}$
  2. $\text{VO}^{+}_2$
  3. $\text{V}_{2}\text{O}^+$
  4. $\text{VO}^{3-}_4$
  1. Which of the following statements is false?
  1. With fluorine vanadium can form $VF_5.$
  2. With chlorine vanadium can form $VCl^5.$
  3. Vanadium exhibits highest oxidation state in oxohalides $VOCl_3, VOBr_3$ and fluoride $VF_5.$
  4. With iodine vanadium cannot form $Vl_5$ due to oxidising power of $V^{5+}$ and reducing nature of $I^-.$
  1. The oxidation state of vanadium in $V_2O_5$ is:
  1. $\frac{+5}{2}$
  2. $+7$
  3. $+5$
  4. $+6$
  1. Identify the oxidising agent in the following reaction.
$V_2O_5+ 5Ca \rightarrow 2V + 5CaO$
  1. $V_2O_5$
  2. $Ca $
  3. $V$
  4. None of these.
Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
The transition elements have incompletely filled d-subshells in their ground state or in any of their oxidation states. The transition elements occupy position in betweens- and p-blocks in groups $3-12$ of the Periodic table. Starting from fourth period, transition elements consists of four complete series : Sc to $Zn, Y$ to Cd and La, $Hf$ to $Hg$ and $Ac, Rf$ to $Cn$. In general, the electronic configuration of outer orbitals of these elements is $(n - 1)d^{1-10} n^{1-2}$. The electronic configurations of outer orbitals of $Zn, Cd, Hg$ and $Cn$ are represented by the general formula $(n - 1)d^{10}ns^2$. All the transition elements have typical metallic properties such as high tensile strength, ductility, malleability. Except mercury, which is liquid at room temperature, other transition elements have typical metallic structures. The transition metals and their compounds also exhibit catalytic property and paramagnetic behaviour. Transition metal also forms alloys. An alloy is a blend of metals prepared by mixing the components. Alloys may be homogeneous solid solutions in which the atoms of one metal are distributed randomly among the atoms of the other.
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
  1. Which of the following characteristics of transition metals is associated with higher catalytic activity?
  1. High enthalpy of atomisation.
  2. Variable oxidation states.
  3. Paramagnetic behaviour.
  4. Colour of hydrated ions.
  1. Transition elements form alloys easily because they have.
  1. Same atomic number.
  2. Same electronic configuration.
  3. Nearly same atomic size.
  4. Same oxidation states.
  1. The electronic configuration of tantalum $(Ta)$ is:
  1. $[Xe]4f^05d^16s^2$
  2. $[Xe]4f^{14}5d^26s^2$
  3. $[Xe]4f^{14}5d^36s^2$
  4. $[Xe]4f^{14}5d^46s^2$
  1. Which one of the following outer orbital configurations may exhibit the largest number of oxidation states?
  1. $3d^54s^1$
  2. $3d^54s^2$
  3. $3d^24s^2$
  4. $3d^34s^2$
  1. The correct statement(s) among the following is/ are:
  1. All d and f-block elements are metals.
  2. All d and f-block elements form coloured ions.
  3. All d and f-block elements are paramagnetic.
  1. $(I)$ only
  2. $(I)$ and $(II)$ only
  3. $(II)$ and $(III)$ only
  4. $(I), (II)$ and $(III)$