British Rule india (1757 AD to 1857 AD) — Social Science STD 8 — Question
Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 8Social ScienceBritish Rule india (1757 AD to 1857 AD)5 Marks
Question
short note :Birsa Munda
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Answer
Birsa Munda started the 'Ulgulan movement for the upliftment of the Indian tribal society. Birsa Munda was born on $15th$ November, $1875$. His mother's name was Karmi Mundaina and his father's name was Sugana Munda. Birsa Munda's childhood was spent in grazing sheep and goats, playing the flute and playing in the arena by fighting mock wrestling matches. Due to poverty in the family, Birsa Munda spent his childhood constantly migrating with his father. However, Birsa took education in local missionary schools. Birsa had heard stories about the struggle between the Munda people and the Dikus (outsiders) in his childhood. At a young age, Birsa engaged in the work for the upliftment of the tribal society. He wore the janoi (sacred thread). He had worked with the people who followed and spread the Vaishnav religion. As a youth, Birsa started working for the upliftment of tribal people. Exploitation of the tribal people by the pro-British moneylenders, the jagirdars and landlords had reached its extreme limit. All this had a profound effect on Birsa Munda. He led the mass movement of 'Ulgulan' which was started against this exploitation in $1895 \ AD$. The widespread impact of this movement on about $400$ square miles of the Chhota Nagpur region of South Bihar. The Munda tribe claimed that Chhota Nagpur belonged to them. They claimed that the East India Company had taken away their traditional rights and made them forced labourers. In the mass movement, Birsa called on the people of his tribe to give up drinking alcohol, to keep their house and village clean, to not believe in witchcraft. He urged the Mundas to live according to their glorious past and to stay in one place and do cultivation. The British were afraid of the Birsa movement. The tribes wanted to establish Mundaraj under the leadership of Birsa Munda. When the agitation spread, the British falsely accused him of obstructing the administration and arrested Birsa in $1895 \ AD$. Two years later Birsa Munda was released from prison in $1897,$ he rejoined the public awareness movement. He strengthened the 'White Flagged Birsaraj' and movement against the 'Dikus' and the Europeans. The 'Birsa Munda' movement slowed down after the death of Birsa in $1900 \ AD$.
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