તેથી, $\Delta U = q + W$
$W = -P_{ext} \Delta V = -P_{ext} (V_2 - V_1) = -P_{ext}(2.5 - 2) = -1 (0.5) = -0.5 \,lit. atm$
નોંધ: $1\, lit - atm = 101.3\, Joule, 1\, Calorie = 4.2\, Joule$
તેથી,$W = -0.5 × 101.3 = -50.65$ જુલ
$\Delta U = q + W = 300 + (-50.65) = 249.35 \,J$
$\frac{1}{2}C{l_2}_{(g)}\,\xrightarrow{{\frac{1}{2}{\Delta _{diss}}{H^\Theta }}}\,Cl_{(g)}\,\,\xrightarrow{{{\Delta _{eg}}{H^\Theta }}}\,\,C{l^ - }_{(g)}\,\xrightarrow{{{\Delta _{hyd}}{H^\Theta }}}\,C{l^ - }_{(aq)}$
$({\mkern 1mu} {\Delta _{diss}}{\mkern 1mu} H_{C{l_2}}^\Theta {\mkern 1mu} = {\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} 240{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} kJ{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} mo{l^{ - 1}},{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} {\Delta _{eg}}{\mkern 1mu} H_{Cl}^\Theta {\mkern 1mu} = {\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} - 349{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} kJ{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} mo{l^{ - 1}},{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} $
${\Delta _{hyd}}H_{C{l^ - }}^\Theta {\mkern 1mu} = {\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} - {\mkern 1mu} 381{\mkern 1mu} kJ{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} mo{l^{ - 1}})$
તો $2ZnS + 3O_2$ $\rightarrow$ $2ZnO + 2SO_3$ પ્રક્રિયા માટે $\Delta\, G^o$ નું મૂલ્ય .......$J$
$H - H$ બંધઊર્જા | $:\, 431.37 \,kJ\, mol^{-1}$ |
$C= C$ બંધઊર્જા | $:\, 606.10\, kJ \,mol^{-1}$ |
$C - C$ બંધઊર્જા | $:\, 336.49\, kJ\, mol^{-1}$ |
$C - H$ બંધઊર્જા | $:\, 410.50\, kJ\, mol^{-1}$ |
પ્રક્રિયા : $\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
{H\,\,\,\,H} \\
{|\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,|} \\
{C = C} \\
{|\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,|} \\
{H\,\,\,\,H}
\end{array}\, + \,H - H\, \to \,\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
{H\,\,\,\,H} \\
{|\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,|} \\
{H - C - C - H} \\
{|\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,|} \\
{H\,\,\,\,H}
\end{array}\,$