The forms of the statement and its types — Philosophy STD 12 Arts — Question
Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ArtsPhilosophyThe forms of the statement and its types5 Marks
Question
The logical factor
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Answer
The word or phrase that makes up a compound statement from a simple statement is called a 'logical factor' or 'logical conjunction'. The logical factor is also called the factor for short. The following are the words or phrases that make up a compound statement:
$(1) .........$ and$.........$
$(2)$ Either $.........$ or $.........$
$(3)$ If $.........$ then$...........$
$(4)$ If $.........$ then and only then$.........$
$(5)$ No.
There are two types of factors in terms of how many statements apply to each factor: $1.$ Unilateral factor and $2.$ Bilateral factor.
$1.$ Uniform Factor: A factor which applies to a single statement is called 'Uniform Factor'. ‘No’ or ‘no’ is a singular factor, as it always applies to a single simple statement or a single joint statement or a complex joint statement. E.g.
$(1)$ ~ $p\ (2)$ ~ $(P\ \&\ Q) (3)$ ~$[(P\ \&\ Q) (Q\ v\ R)]$
It is customary to write on the right side of the statement $\sim$ which is applicable to a simple or combined statement. That is, the field of factor $\sim$ extends only to its right.
$2.$ Bidirectional factor: A factor that applies to two statements, simple or combined, is called a 'bidirectional factor'. Thus the field of bipartisan factor includes any two statements, simple or combined. $(1)\ \ ($aggregate$), (2)\ v\ ($option$)\ (3)\ \rightarrow \ ($conditional$)$ and $(4)\ \leftrightarrow ($conditional$)$ these are bipartisan factors. E.g.
$(1)\ P\ \ \ Q\ (2)\ P\ v\ (Q\ \rightarrow\ R)\ (3)\sim (R\ \ \ S\ \rightarrow\ Q\ (4)\ (P\ \ \ Q)\ \leftrightarrow\ (R\ Zv\ S)$
It is customary to write one of the two statements to the right of the factor and the other to the left of the factor to which the two statements apply. Thus, the area of the bidirectional factor extends to its left as well as its right.
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