Question
Water is very essential for life. Write any three features each for plants and animals, which enable them to survive in water scarce environment.
✓
Answer
Adaptations of plants to water scarcity, i.e. in xerophytic plants.
- Roots grow very deep to explore any possibility of available underground water.
- Many desert plants have a thick cuticle on their leaf surfaces and have their stomata arranged in deep pits to minimise water loss through transpiration. They also have a special photosynthetic pathway known as Crassulacean Acid Metabolism, (CAM) that enables their stomata to remain closed during day time so as to minimise transpiration.
- Some desert plants like Opuntia, have no leaves. Their leaves are reduced to spines and photosynthesis occurs in flattened stems. Adaptations of animals to water scarcity like in kangaroo rat.
- The kangaroo rat in North American deserts is capable of meeting all its water requirement by internal oxidation of its body fat (water is a byproduct).
- It can also concentrate its urine so that minimal volume of water is used to expel excretory products.
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