Environment And Sustainable Development — Economics STD 12 Humanities & Commerce — Question

Is India going to be knowledge based economy in the near future?

What has been the impact of self-reliance on Indian economy?

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from 1 to 4.
The Centre of considering extending the free foodgrain and pulse distribution scheme, under the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PMGKAY), for 3-4 months. This is in view of the spike in Covid cases, and also to provide relief to the millions of poor families who have suffered during the pandemic, said people in the know. For wheat, rice and pulses (notably chana), the Centre has adequate stock to provide for free until March 2021.
"Details have been sought from various agencies involved in the distribution of grains and pulses through the Public Distribution System in the first eight months of this fiscal year, and a final decision on the same is under consideration" said a senior official.
Under PMGKAY 1 and 2, which started from April and is due to end in November, the government has so far distributed an additional 5kg of wheat and rice per month to 800 million beneficiaries of the National Pood Security Act (NFSA), over their usual entitlement of 5kg of grains a month.
In addition, the government has distributed 1kg of free pulses (largely chana) to every NFSA family in the last eight months, numbering 200 million. Overall, 32 million tonnes (mt) of wheat and rice have been made available for free, alongwith 1.4 mt of pulses, a bulk of which is chana, show government estimates. Source: Business Standard, 26 Nov. 2020.

1. The Centre has sufficient stock to provide free wheat and rice until.......... 2021.

1. March
2. May
3. June
4. April

2. NFSA stands for...........?

1. National Food Service Art
2. National Food Security Act
3. National Finance Security Act
4. National Finance Service Act

3. Government gives free food grains and pulses to poor families under the scheme............?

1. PMGKAY
2. NFSA
3. Both [a] and [b]
4. None of these

4. Nutritions requirements are .......... calories per person per day in rural areas whereas.......... calories per person per day in urban areas.

1. 2500, 2200
2. 2400, 2100
3. 2400, 2300
4. None of these

Give any four features of small scale industries.

What is 'Organic farming'? Mention any two advantages of organic farming in India.

"Over time, human capital has replaced physical capital as the most scarce resource and the main economic factor". What is the value of human capital in economic development?

'Economic growth' and 'Economic development' means one and the same'. Defend or refute the given statement. Do you think that India is economically developed? Why or why not?

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from 1 to 4.
Human capital, intangible collective resources possessed by individuals and groups within a given population. these resources include all the knowledge, talents, skills, abilities, experience, intelligence, training, judgment, and wisdom possessed individually and collectively, the cumulative total of which represents a form of wealth available to nations and organizations to accomplish their goals. The concept of human capital stems from the economic model of human resource capitalism, which emphasizes the relationship between improved productivity or performance and the need for continuous and long-term investments in the development of human resources. Investments in human capital are viewed as affecting national and global economic performance or, more narrowly, where investments in people are viewed as crucial to organization performance. For an organization, this model suggests that high productivity and performance depend on developing learning systems that reflect the commitment of an organization to its human resources. As a result, ongoing investments in training, skill development, and job enrichment engender a reciprocal commitment among members to organizational goals and objectives.

1. The stock of skill and expertise of a nation at a point of time is called _Capital.

1. Real
2. Physical
3. Human
4. None of these

2. Which of the following is not a source of Human Capital Formation?

1. Education
2. Saving
3. Health
4. Information

3. _is based on the idea that education and health are integral to human well-being.

1. Economic Development
2. Human Development
3. Social Growth
4. None of these

3. __________ is/ are the reason for rural-urban migration in India.

1. Unemployment
2. Health facilities
3. Money
4. All of these

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from 1 to 4.Human capital can be defined as the body of knowledge possessed by the population and the capacity of the population to use the knowledge effectively. Until the late 1950s, no economist and any other social scientist did pay much attention to the role of investment in human beings as an important determinant of economic development. The birth of this idea can be dated from the presidential address of Prof. Theodore W. Schultze to the American Economic Association in December 1960. As a result, the concept of human capital formation came to the limelight. A circular relationship between human development and economic growth has come to be established. Economic growth creates conditions for better health and education facilities; which in turn spur economic growth.

1. Human Capital Formation came into existence in:

1. 1950
2. 1960
3. 1970
4. 1980

2. Economists say that the main key player of economic development is:

1. Human capital
2. Physical Capital
3. Real Capital
4. None of these

3. In _ Five year Plan, India emphasized on human capital formation.

1. 2nd
2. 3rd
3. 5th
4. 7th

4. ________ means an improvement in the quality of life and living standards, e.g., measures of literacy, life expectancy, and health care.

1. Economic growth
2. Economic development
3. Investment
4. None of these

Explain any four importance of industries for a developing country like India.