What do you understand by the term ’auto-protolysis’ of water? Wh… - Vidyadip

Question

What do you understand by the term ’auto-protolysis’ of water? What is its significance?

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Answer

Auto-protolysis (self-ionization) of water is a chemical reaction in which two water molecules react to produce a hydroxide ion $\left(\mathrm{OH}^{-}\right)$and a hydronium ion $\left(\mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{O}^{+}\right)$.
The reaction involved can be represented as:
$\text{H}_2\text{O}_{(\text{l})}\ \ +\ \ \text{H}_2\text{O}_{\text{(l})}\ \ \ \leftrightarrow\ \ \ \text{H}_3\text{O}^+_{\text{(aq)}}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ +\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{OH}^-_{\text{(aq)}}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Hydronium ion}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{Hydroxide ion}$
Auto-protolysis of water indicates its amphoteric nature i.e., its ability to act as an acid as well as a base.
The acid-base reaction can be written as:
$\text{H}_2\text{O}_{(\text{l})}\ \ +\ \ \ \text{H}_2\text{O}_{\text{l}}\ \ \ \leftrightarrow\ \ \ \ \text{H}_3\text{O}^+_{(\text{aq})}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ +\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{OH}^-_{(\text{aq})}\$\text{Acid})\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{(Base)}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{(conjugate acid)}\ \ \ \ \ (\text{conjugate base})$

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