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Carbon and its Compounds — Science STD 10 — Question

CBSE BoardEnglish MediumSTD 10ScienceCarbon and its Compounds5 Marks
Question
What is a functional group? Give examples of four different functional groups.
✓

Answer

For the definition of functional group and example,

Functional Group

Family

Representation

$-\text{OH}$

 Alcohols

$\text{R}-\text{O}-\text{H}$

$\ \ \ \ \text{O}\\\ \ \ \ ||\\-\text{C}-\text{H}$

 Aldehydes

$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{O}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ||\\\text{R}-\text{C}-\text{H}$

$\ \ \ \ \text{O}\\\ \ \ \ ||\\-\text{C}-$

 Ketones

$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{O}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ||\\\text{R}-\text{C}-\text{R}$

$\ \ \ \ \text{O}\\\ \ \ \ ||\\-\text{C}-\text{OH}$

 Carboxylic acids

$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{O}\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ||\\\text{R}-\text{C}-\text{OH}$

$-\text{N}-\text{H}\\\ \ \ \ |\\\ \ \ \text{H}$

 Amines

$\text{R}-\text{NH}_2$

$-\text{O}-$

 Ethers

$\text{R}-\text{O}-\text{R}$

$-\text{X}\ (\text{halogen})$

 Haloalkanes

$\text{R}-\text{X}$

$-\text{NO}_2$

 Nitroalkanes

$\text{R}-\text{NO}_2$

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