Question
What is meant by a coupling reaction? Explain with suitable examples.###What is the action of benzene diazonium chloride on (a) phenol in alkaline medium (b) aniline?###Write a note on the coupling reaction.
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Answer
Diazonium salts react with certain aromatic compounds having an electron-rich group (e.g.-OH, $NH _2$, etc.) to form azo compounds. This reaction is an electrophilic substitution and is called coupling reaction. Azo compounds are brightly coloured and are used as dyes and indicators. Coupling reaction is an electrophilic substitution reaction. Benzene diazonium chloride reacts with alkaline solution of phenol to give $p$-hydroxy azo benzene (orange dye).
Benzene diazonium chloride reacts with aniline in mild alkaline medium to give p-aminobenzene (yellow dye).
Benzene diazonium chloride reacts with aniline in mild alkaline medium to give p-aminobenzene (yellow dye).
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