Download App

Biotechnology and its Applications — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

Gujarat BoardEnglish MediumSTD 12 ScienceBIOLOGYBiotechnology and its Applications4 Marks
Question
What is transgenic animals? How it is useful for man kind?
✓

Answer

→ Animals that have had their DNA manipulated to possess and express an extra (foreign) gene are known as transgenic animals.
→ Transgenic rats, rabbits, pigs, sheep, cows and fish have been produced, although over 95 per cent of all existing transgenic animals are mice.
(i) Normal physiology and development :
→ Transgenic animals can be specifically designed to allow the study of how genes are regulated, and how they affect the normal functions of the body and its development,
→ e.g., study of complex factors involved in growth such as insulin-like growth factor. By introducing genes from other species that alter the formation of this factor and studying the biological effects that result, information is obtained about the biological role of the factor in the body.
(ii) Study of disease :
→ Many transgenic animals are designed to increase our understanding of how genes contribute to the development of disease.
→ These are specially made to serve as models for human diseases so that investigation of new treatments for diseases is made possible.
→ Today transgenic models exist for many human diseases such as cancer cystic fibrosis. rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer's.
(iii) Biological products :
→ Medicines required to treat certain human diseases can contain biological products but such products are often expensive to make.
→ Transgenic animals that produce useful biological products can be created by the introduction of the portion of DNA (of genes) which codes for a particular product.
Examples :
→ human protein ($\alpha$ -1-antitrypsin) used to treat emphysema.
→ Similar attempts are being made for treatment of phenylketonuria (PKU) and cystic fibrosis.
→ In 1997, the first transgenic cow, Rosie, produced human protein-enriched milk (2.4 grams per litre). The milk contained the human a lactalbumin and was nutritionally a more balanced product for human babies than natural cow-milk.
(iv) Vaccine safety :
→ Transgenic mice are being developed for use intesting the safety of vaccines before they are used on humans.
→ Transgenic mice are being used to test the safety of the polio vaccine.
If successful and found to be reliable, they could replace the use of monkeys to test the safety of batches of the vaccine.
(v) Chemical safety testing :
→ This is known as toxicity/safety testing.
→ The procedure is the same as that used for testing toxicity of drugs.
→ Transgenic animals are made that carry genes which make them more sensitive to toxic substances than non-transgenic animals.
→ They are then exposed to the toxic substances and the effects studied.
→ Toxicity testing in such animals will allow us to obtain results in less time.

Need a full question paper?

Generate a complete, print-ready paper with questions like this in minutes — across 16+ boards, with answer keys.

Start Generating Free

Explore more

More "Case study (4 Marks)" from Biotechnology and its Applications→Biotechnology and its Applications — all question types→BIOLOGY STD 12 Science question papers→Gujarat Board STD 12 Science question papers→Gujarat Board question paper generator→

Similar questions

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
ln many species of fig trees, there is a tight one-to-one relationship with the pollinator species of wasp. It means that a given fig species can be pollinated only by its 'partner' wasp species and no other species. The wasp pollinates the fig inflorescence while looking for suitable egg-laying sites. ln return for the favour of pollination, the fig offers the wasp some of its developing seeds as food for the developing wasp larvae.
  1. The interaction between fig trees and wasp is an example of:
  1. Mutualism
  2. Commensalism
  3. Amensalism
  4. Parasitism
  1. AD the given interactions are similar to interaction between fig trees and wasp, except.
  1. Plant and animal relation for pollination.
  2. Association of algae and fungi in lichens.
  3. Association of cattle egret and grazing cattle.
  4. Association of fungi and roots of higher plants in mycorrhiza.
  1. In which of the following interactions both partners are adversely affected?
  1. Parasitism
  2. Mutualism
  3. Competition
  4. Predation
  1. ln relationship between fig and wasp:
  1. One benefitted other harmed.
  2. Both are benefitted.
  3. One benefitted other unaffected.
  4. One inhibited, other unaffected.
  1. Assertion: Fig and wasp cannot complete their life cycle without each other.
Reason: They show mutualistic relationship.
  1. Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
  2. Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
  3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
  4. Both assertion and reason are false.
→
Microbes are useful in household products. Explain this with suitable examples
→
Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
DNA fingerprinting is a technique of determining nucleotide sequences of certain areas of DNA which are unique to each individual. Each person has a unique DNA fingerprint. Each fingerprint is the same for every cell, tissue and organ of a person. DNA fingerprinting is the basis of paternity testing in case of disputes.
  1. The technique developed to identify a person with the help of DNA restriction analysis is known as.
  1. DNA profiting
  2. DNA fingerprinting
  3. RFLP
  4. Both (a) and (b).
  1. For DNA fingerprinting, DNA is obtained from.
  1. Blood
  2. Hair root cells
  3. Semen
  4. All of these
  1. During DNA fingerprinting, the radioactive probes.
  1. Hybridise with DNA sample to form double stranded structure
  2. Egrade the DNA
  3. Create positive charge on DNA
  4. Cut the DNA sample at various sites.
  1. In India, DNA fingerprinting technique was developed by?
  1. Dr. Lalji Singh
  2. Alec Jeffreys
  3. Dr. Khorana
  4. None of these.
  1. Which of the following is true about DNA fingerprinting?
  1. VNTR is used as probe.
  2. DNA samples are loaded on agarose gel electrophoresis.
  3. It is based on identification of nucleotide sequence present on the DNA molecule.
  4. All of these
→
Explain with diagram - Hershey and Chase experiment.###On the basis of experimental proof explain the diagram that DNA is genetic material.###How did Hershey and Chase differentiate between DNA and protein in their experiment while proving that DNA is the genetic material?
→
Differentiate between Monohybrid & Dihybrid Cross.
→
Explain Linkage & Recombination.
→
Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
Age sex structure of a population can be depicted in the form of a pyramid by plotting the percentage of population of each sex in each age class. Two age sex pyramids are as follows.
  1. Which of the following is correct regarding pyramid B?
  1. It represents stable population.
  2. It represents expanding population.
  3. It represents declining population.
  4. Both (a) and (b).
  1. Total number of individuals of a species per unit area per unit time is called.
  1. Population size.
  2. Population density.
  3. Demography.
  4. Population dynamics.
  1. Which of the following is correct regarding age sex pyramid A and B?
  1. A represents the age sex pyramid of developed country.
  2. B represents the age sex pyramid of developing country.
  3. A represents rapidly growing population.
  4. Both (a) and (b).
  1. A population with a large proportion of older individuals than younger ones will likely to:
  1. Grow larger first and then decline.
  2. Continue to grow indefinitely.
  3. Decline.
  4. None of these.
  1. Assertion: Bell shaped age pyramid represents a stable population.
Reason: ln a stable population, proportion of individuals in reproductive age group is higher than the individuals in pre reproductive age group.
  1. Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
  2. Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
  3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
  4. Both assertion and reason are false.
→
For food related services, granting patent for transgenic organisms is becoming complicated. Explain with example.
→
Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
Human male reproductive system comprises of a pair of testes, primary sex organs associated with formation of gametes and production of sex hormone. Study the given figure of human male reproductive system and answer the following questions.
  1. Which of the following is correct for labelled part P?
  1. P is rete testis which transports sperms to outside.
  2. P is epididymis which secretes fluid that nourish the sperms.
  3. P is epididymis that carry sperms and secretion of seminal vesicles.
  4. P is rete testis, which lies along inner side of each testis and stores the sperms.
  1. Identify the correctly matched pair.
  1. Q - Vasa efferentia.
  2. R - Ejaculatory duct.
  3. S - Seminal vesicle.
  4. T - Cowper's gland.
  1. Which statement is incorrect for Q?
  1. It carries spermatozoa from epididymis to ejaculatory duct.
  2. Q are only 2 in number.
  3. It arises from rete testis.
  4. It constitutes male sex accessory duct.
  1. Which structure passes through the prostate gland and carries sperms and secretion of seminal vesicle?
  1. P.
  2. T.
  3. S.
  4. R.
  1. Assertion: Mucus present in secretion of bulbourethral gland decreases the number of sperms damaged during ejaculation.
Reason: Mucus lubricates the end of penis and lining of the urethra.
  1. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
  2. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
  3. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
  4. Both assertion and reason are false.
→
Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
X and Y are communicable diseases, whereas Wand Z are non-communicable diseases.X is transmitted through vectors whereas Y is transmitted through droplet infection. Wis caused due to a hormone deficiency, whereas Z is a degenerative disease. Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
  1. Identify W, X, Y and Z.
 
W
X
Y
Z
(a)
Coronary artery disease
Cholera
Chikungunya
Chikungunya
(b)
Diabetes
Malaria
Rhinitis
Alzheimer's disease
(c)
Alzheimer's disease
AIDS
Shigella
Plague
(d)
Gonorrhea
Diphtheria
Pertussis
Anthrax
  1. Select the correct statement.
  1. If X is sleeping sickness then its vector is Leishrnania.
  2. If Y is diphtheria then it is caused by Bacillus anthracis.
  3. If W is hypothyroidism then it is caused by deficiency of thyroxine hormone.
  4. If Z is myocardial infarction then patient develops acute rheumatic fever, joint pain and throat infection.
  1. If X and Y both are usual diseases then which of the following holds true?
  1. X could be dengue caused by flavivirus and Y could be AIDS caused by HIV.
  2. X could be chikungunya whereas Y could be rhinitis.
  3. X could be hepatitis whereas Y could be rabies.
  4. X could be chicken pox caused by Va rice/la zoster virus whereas Y could be yellow fever caused by flavivirus
  1. If X and Y both are bacterial diseases then select the correct match from the following.
  1. X- Bubonic plague-Yersinia pestis
  2. Y-Leprosy- Mycobacteriurn leprae
  3. X-Whooping cough-Bordetella pertussis
  4. Y-Botulism-Clostridiurn botulinum
  1. Assertion: Communicable diseases could be contagious or non-contagious.
Reason: Diseases that spread through vectors are non-contagious disease.
  1. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
  2. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
  3. Assertion is true, but reason is false.
  4. Both assertion and reason are false.
→