Phenol does not react with $\ce{Na_2CO_3}$ because it is weaker acid than carboxylic acid and thereby do not have the strength to substitute or give away its $H+$ ions to that of weak bases like sodium carbonate.
Phenol is used for the preparation of aspirin which is used as an analgesic as well as antipyretic drugs.
Phenol is more soluble in water than chlorobenzene due to formation of $H-$bond with water molecules.
$o-$nitrophenol form intramolecular $H-$bonding while $p-$nitrophenol form intermolecular $H-$bonding.
Due to this, nature $o-$nitrophenol has a lower boiling point than $p-$nitrophenol.
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