Evolution — BIOLOGY STD 12 Science — Question

1. Convergent

Explanation:

Convergent evolution is the process whereby organisms not closely related (not monophyletic), independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments or ecological niches.

Wings of mosquito, bats, birds are examples of convergent evolution as these organisms not closely related (not monophyletic), independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments. Thus, option A is correct.

Divergent evolution is the accumulation of differences between groups, which can lead to the formation of new species, usually a result of diffusion of the same species to different and isolated environments which blocks the gene flow among the distinct populations allowing differentiated fixation of characteristics through genetic drift and natural selection.

Parallel evolution is the evolution of geographically separated groups in such a way that they show morphological resemblances. Adaptation is the evolutionary process whereby a population becomes better suited to its habitat.